YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (YDS) İNGİLİZCE 2018

Ekim 3, 2019Temmuz 30, 2021 BEN_BEN

YDS ingilizce 2018

#1. What motivated Piccard to fly around the world in a solar-powered plane?

His desire to follow in his family’s footsteps and continue their tradition of being first

His desire to follow in his family’s footsteps and continue their tradition of being first

His awareness of the need to develop environmentally friendly, cost-effective engineering

His awareness of the need to develop environmentally friendly, cost-effective engineering

His previous success and his desire to be environmentally friendly

His previous success and his desire to be environmentally friendly

His attempt to make the world’s first balloon flight

His attempt to make the world’s first balloon flight

His knowledge of green technologies and his family’s concern about pollution and energy problems

His knowledge of green technologies and his family’s concern about pollution and energy problems

#2. – 55-58: Answer these questions according to the passage below. – The story of Hansel and Gretel, in which two children outsmart a witch who is about to destroy them, was passed down to us from the brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. They began recording various folk tales told to them by villagers and farmers near the town of Kassel, Germany, in about 1807. Hansel and Gretel was told to the brothers by a young girl, Doretchen Wild, who years later became Wilhelm Grimm’s wife. The fairy tale gained wide popularity after German composer Engelbert Humperdinck made it the basis of a children’s opera, first introduced in Munich in 1893. However, the opera, as well as subsequent versions of the story, omits the most traumatising aspect of the traditional tale: the parents’ deliberate abandonment of their children to the wild beasts of the forest. Another important feature of Hansel and Gretel is that it was not only known through German oral tradition. A version circulating in France as early as the late 17th century had a house made not of gingerbread but of gold and jewels, in which a young girl is held by a giant whom she eventually pushes into his own fire. However, it was the Grimm brothers who immortalised the tale for future generations – an excellent story that every child throughout the world should come across. – Which of the following can be said about the story of Hansel and Gretel?

It was initially written by the Grimm brothers and became very popular in a short time.

It was initially written by the Grimm brothers and became very popular in a short time.

It illustrates the dangers faced by two children who lived in Kassel, Germany, in about 1807.

It illustrates the dangers faced by two children who lived in Kassel, Germany, in about 1807.

It reveals the typical features of German culture because it is told by villagers and farmers.

It reveals the typical features of German culture because it is told by villagers and farmers.

It was verbally transferred to the Grimm brothers like some other stories.

It was verbally transferred to the Grimm brothers like some other stories.

It was told by Doretchen Wild to the villagers and farmers in Kassel, Germany.

It was told by Doretchen Wild to the villagers and farmers in Kassel, Germany.

#3. – Admired by native peoples for thousands of years, the Texas horned lizard has an array of abilities. It mostly eats ants – lots of them, and most parts of an ant’s body are indigestible, which necessitates a huge stomach. Eating more than two hundred ants per day means exposure out in the open for long periods, and having a ‘heavy’ stomach means that a horned lizard finds it difficult to run away from predators. Instead, it relies on an armory of defences. It has camouflage colouring, with an outline broken up by spines and outgrowths, and it will freeze if a predator approaches. Its horns and spines can pierce the throat of a snake or bird, and it can hiss and blow itself up to look even more fearsome. When it comes to coyotes, foxes, and dogs, a horned lizard’s most spectacular defence is to squirt foul-tasting blood from the sinuses behind its eyes. That usually has the desired effect. But it squirts only when it is provoked, since it risks losing up to one quarter of its blood. Such abilities are, however, no defense against human invasion of its land. Its strange shape and colouring has made it attractive to reptile collectors, and its habit of freezing means that it is prone to being run over. – How does a horned lizard defend itself when faced with a predator?

It blends into its surroundings using its natural colouring and shape.

It blends into its surroundings using its natural colouring and shape.

It freezes the predator with the help of its spines.

It freezes the predator with the help of its spines.

It makes itself smaller than normal to confuse the predator

It makes itself smaller than normal to confuse the predator

It releases a kind of liquid to make the predator suffocate.

It releases a kind of liquid to make the predator suffocate.

It changes its colour and shape to become more threatening to its predators

It changes its colour and shape to become more threatening to its predators

#4. – In statistics, —- the standard deviation allows us to see how much individuals vary within a sample, —- the standard error allows us to estimate how much samples will vary within a population.

whether / or

whether / or

no sooner / than

no sooner / than

rather / than

rather / than

hardly / when

hardly / when

just as / so

just as / so

#5. – 43-46: Answer these questions according to the passage below. – Pick up a glass, fill it from the tap and take a sip. You just had a tiny dose of the pill your neighbour took days before. Excreted and flushed through our sewage works and waterways, drug molecules are all around us. A recent analysis of streams in the US detected an entire pharmacy: diabetic medications, muscle relaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants and more. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated by treated waste water. The amounts that end up in your glass are minuscule, and will not lay you low tomorrow. However, someone prescribed multiple drugs is more likely to experience side effects due to these small doses, and risks rise exponentially with each drug taken by a person over 65. “These drugs have been individually approved but we have not studied what it means when they are together in the same soup,” says Mae Wu at the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC). – Which of the following can be true about the tap water in the US? ? 43-46: Answer these questions according to the passage below.

The drugs in the tap water are not expected to have immediate side effects on healthy people

The drugs in the tap water are not expected to have immediate side effects on healthy people

There can be a lower risk for elder members of society who take more than one drug a day

There can be a lower risk for elder members of society who take more than one drug a day

Most drugs in the tap water are harmless, but illegal ones can make people sick

Most drugs in the tap water are harmless, but illegal ones can make people sick

It is more likely for a person to be affected if there are multiple drug residues in the tap water

It is more likely for a person to be affected if there are multiple drug residues in the tap water

The tap water used in houses does not cause negative effects for adults at all.

The tap water used in houses does not cause negative effects for adults at all.

İlgili

#6. Delicately carved from mammoth tusk, the Lady of Brassempouy was discovered in southwest France in 1894 and is among the oldest representations of a human face.

The oldest representation of a human's face is an 1894 mammoth tusk, delicate carving of the Lady of Brassempouy, which was found in southwest France

The oldest representation of a human's face is an 1894 mammoth tusk, delicate carving of the Lady of Brassempouy, which was found in southwest France

The Lady of Brassempouy, representing the oldest human face, was made from gently carved mammoth tusk and unearthed in southwest France in 1894.

The Lady of Brassempouy, representing the oldest human face, was made from gently carved mammoth tusk and unearthed in southwest France in 1894.

Found in 1894 in southwest France, the Lady of Brassempouy is one of the oldest representations of a human face, gently carved from the tusk of a mammoth.

Found in 1894 in southwest France, the Lady of Brassempouy is one of the oldest representations of a human face, gently carved from the tusk of a mammoth.

Amongst many delicate mammoth tusk carvings of the human face, the Lady of Brassempouy is the oldest and its discovery was made in southwest France in 1894.

Amongst many delicate mammoth tusk carvings of the human face, the Lady of Brassempouy is the oldest and its discovery was made in southwest France in 1894.

One of the oldest delicate human face carvings, the Lady of Brassempouy was identified in 1894 to be made of mammoth tusk in southwest France.

One of the oldest delicate human face carvings, the Lady of Brassempouy was identified in 1894 to be made of mammoth tusk in southwest France.

#7. – It is emphasised in the passage that Richard Aidan Martin —-.

monitored great whites mistaking surfers and scuba-divers for seals and sea lions

monitored great whites mistaking surfers and scuba-divers for seals and sea lions

focused especially on the disadvantages of great whites’ notoriously poor vision

focused especially on the disadvantages of great whites’ notoriously poor vision

examined attacks on sea lions by great whites to prove their aggressive nature

examined attacks on sea lions by great whites to prove their aggressive nature

noted that great whites do not come closer to humans in an actively predatory way

noted that great whites do not come closer to humans in an actively predatory way

tried to collect precise information on great whites by observing 1,000 attacks on humans

tried to collect precise information on great whites by observing 1,000 attacks on humans

#8. What is clearly stated as being unique about Piccard’s aircraft?

It has more solar cells than any aircraft built before it.

It has more solar cells than any aircraft built before it.

It runs completely on the cleanest lithium batteries.

It runs completely on the cleanest lithium batteries.

It has very efficient energy storage means, which will allow it to fly at night.

It has very efficient energy storage means, which will allow it to fly at night.

It uses solar cells for power, allowing it to fly without fuel or the need to ever stop.

It uses solar cells for power, allowing it to fly without fuel or the need to ever stop.

It reserves all the energy it gains from the solar cells in lithium batteries.

It reserves all the energy it gains from the solar cells in lithium batteries.

#9. – According to a World Bank report in 1993, the East Asian miracle, achieving high economic growth for all people, is due to a combination of fundamentally sound development policies, tailored interventions, and an unusually rapid increase of physical and human capital. The more advanced economies in the Asian region are part of this success and have been referred to as high-performing East Asian economies. —- In addition, these economies have displayed high per capita incomes, along with a much-improved income distribution, compared with most other developing economies.

In contrast, the dramatic growth of the Asian tiger economies has been based on the export of manufactured goods

In contrast, the dramatic growth of the Asian tiger economies has been based on the export of manufactured goods

Poorer countries have greater difficulty than relatively richer countries climbing up the ladder of development.

Poorer countries have greater difficulty than relatively richer countries climbing up the ladder of development.

The study suggests that economies with a strong inward focus could not succeed.

The study suggests that economies with a strong inward focus could not succeed.

Such economies have a record of high and sustained economic growth.

Such economies have a record of high and sustained economic growth.

Promoting trade is positively related to levels of per capita income

Promoting trade is positively related to levels of per capita income

#10. – (I) The best conditions for dandelion seeds are relatively calm, sunny days that generate thermal updraughts. (II) A 2003 study at the University of Regensburg in Germany found that 99.5 percent of dandelion seeds land within 10 metres of their plant. (III) That is because the seed ‘parachute’ falls at about 30 cm per second and dandelions only grow about 30 cm high. (IV) So, that gives each seed just one second of flight time to be blown sideways by the wind to its new home. (V) Higher wind speeds do not really increase the distance the seeds fly, because strong winds tend to blow downwards as well as sideways, so the seeds just land even sooner.

I

I

II

II

III

III

IV

IV

V

V

İlgili

#11. – Some birds build nests simply to protect their young —-.

since many small animals that live above the ground make their homes in trees

since many small animals that live above the ground make their homes in trees

until they have learned how to look after themselves and survive in the wild on their own

until they have learned how to look after themselves and survive in the wild on their own

iven that they make mud huts that are placed in all kinds of places, from undergrowth to fence posts

iven that they make mud huts that are placed in all kinds of places, from undergrowth to fence posts

although sometimes a squirrel takes over an empty bird's nest and makes its home there

although sometimes a squirrel takes over an empty bird's nest and makes its home there

while colonies of wasps build their nests from the top downward

while colonies of wasps build their nests from the top downward

#12. – 72-75: For these questions, choose the best option to complete the missing part of the passage – It has been a basic tenet that an individual who uses substances heavily will become addicted. There are reports, however, of people becoming addicted to a substance with exposure only once or a few times. Some experts believe people are born with the predisposition to become addicted. —- Thus, the potential for addiction may be hereditary. On the other hand, a psychological problem may lead the individual into addiction. The need for instant gratification, a feeling of being socially ostracized, and an inability to cope with the downfalls of life have all been cited as possible springboards to addiction.

One characteristic that marks addiction, whether to chemicals or nonchemical practices, is the genetic modification it leads to.

One characteristic that marks addiction, whether to chemicals or nonchemical practices, is the genetic modification it leads to.

A careful medically-controlled withdrawal program can reverse the chemical changes in genes caused by the addiction.

A careful medically-controlled withdrawal program can reverse the chemical changes in genes caused by the addiction.

Habitual use of an addictive substance can produce changes in body chemistry and any treatment must be geared to a gradual reduction in dosage.

Habitual use of an addictive substance can produce changes in body chemistry and any treatment must be geared to a gradual reduction in dosage.

Studies have found that many former addicts have enough determination to avoid drugs for the rest of their lives.

Studies have found that many former addicts have enough determination to avoid drugs for the rest of their lives.

Children of addicts have a greater probability of becoming addicts themselves than children whose parents are not

Children of addicts have a greater probability of becoming addicts themselves than children whose parents are not

#13. – When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changing your eating environment is easier than changing your mind. A research team in the US has set about uncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes that trick us (22)—- overeating – things like serving spoons, cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters can also be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier. (23)—- there are many solutions to mindless eating, most of them will go undiscovered because if we have a problem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself, not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower, which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)—- successful. Research has found subtle ways to change our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify our approach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, so we mindlessly eat less (25)—- eating more. If we want to automatically eat better, we do not need to change our minds, we (26)—- our surroundings.

coincidentall

coincidentall

vaguely

vaguely

truly

truly

partially

partially

seemingly

seemingly

#14. – While most research on the role of genetics and the heritability of aggression has ruled out the idea of an aggressive gene, —-.

most definitions of aggression indicate that it represents behaviours that are intended to hurt or harm another

most definitions of aggression indicate that it represents behaviours that are intended to hurt or harm another

it is currently thought that one might inherit the biological susceptibility for being aggressive

it is currently thought that one might inherit the biological susceptibility for being aggressive

one of the most widely discussed theories of aggressive behavior is Albert Bandura’s social learning theor

one of the most widely discussed theories of aggressive behavior is Albert Bandura’s social learning theor

there are a number of different ways to conceptualise subtypes of aggressive behaviours

there are a number of different ways to conceptualise subtypes of aggressive behaviours

much of the research on aggression has focused primarily upon children who are physically aggressive

much of the research on aggression has focused primarily upon children who are physically aggressive

#15. – Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climate change and the greenhouse effect. (17)—-, we must significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from activities like heating and transportation. One option would be to (18)—- to renewable energy sources wherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind or geothermal systems. Another important step is to reduce our individual energy footprint. For example, driving a car places a particularly high burden on the environment (19)—- the carbon dioxide emissions into the air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there are several ways to lessen the impact and still continue (20)—- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)—- many new energy-saving models, we can help reduce harmful emissions

from

from

onto

onto

at

at

towards

towards

over

over

İlgili

#16. -Industrial nations consume nearly 75 to 80 percent of the fossil fuels burned each year; —-, they are responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions

instead

instead

on the contrary

on the contrary

as a result

as a result

for example

for example

however

however

#17. – 7-16: For these questions, choose the best word(s) or expression(s) to fill the space(s). – A number of studies have concluded that a given level of carbon dioxide in the

is producing / to think

is producing / to think

has produced / thinking

has produced / thinking

produces / thought

produces / thought

has been producing / having thought

has been producing / having thought

had produced / being thought

had produced / being thought

#18. —- the problems of obesity and disordered eating growing around the world, public health professionals have focused research efforts on identifying potential causes and treatments —- these related problems.

About / in

About / in

On / toward

On / toward

With / for

With / for

Through / from

Through / from

Among / at

Among / at

#19. When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changing your eating environment is easier than changing your mind. A research team in the US has set about uncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes that trick us (22)—- overeating – things like serving spoons, cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters can also be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier. (23)—- there are many solutions to mindless eating, most of them will go undiscovered because if we have a problem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself, not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower, which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)—- successful. Research has found subtle ways to change our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify our approach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, so we mindlessly eat less (25)—- eating more. If we want to automatically eat better, we do not need to change our minds, we (26)—- our surroundings

due to

due to

instead o

instead o

with regard to

with regard to

in terms of

in terms of

together with

together with

#20. – (I) The idea of the human mind as the domain of absolute protection from external intrusion has persisted for centuries. (II) Today, however, this presumption might no longer hold. (III) Sophisticated neuro-imaging machines detect the electrical activity of neurons, enabling us to decode and even alter the nervous system signals that accompany mental processes. (IV) Medical devices connected to the brain are vulnerable to sabotage, and neuroscientists suggest that the same vulnerability applies to brain implants. (V) Whereas these advances have a great potential for research and medicine, they pose a fundamental ethical, legal and social challenge: determining under what conditions it is legitimate to gain access to another person’s neural activity.

I

I

II

II

III

III

IV

IV

V

V

İlgili

#21. – Pick up a glass, fill it from the tap and take a sip. You just had a tiny dose of the pill your neighbour took days before. Excreted and flushed through our sewage works and waterways, drug molecules are all around us. A recent analysis of streams in the US detected an entire pharmacy: diabetic medications, muscle relaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants and more. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated by treated waste water. The amounts that end up in your glass are minuscule, and will not lay you low tomorrow. However, someone prescribed multiple drugs is more likely to experience side effects due to these small doses, and risks rise exponentially with each drug taken by a person over 65. “These drugs have been individually approved but we have not studied what it means when they are together in the same soup,” says Mae Wu at the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC). – It is pointed out in the passage that the tap water —-.

can dramatically increase the severity of diseases due to the variety of compounds found in it

can dramatically increase the severity of diseases due to the variety of compounds found in it

contains drugs that have been found to be illegal as they are harmful for human health

contains drugs that have been found to be illegal as they are harmful for human health

makes it possible for us to determine the types of pills our neighbours take every day

makes it possible for us to determine the types of pills our neighbours take every day

contains medicinal leftovers, which can pass on to us when we drink water from our taps

contains medicinal leftovers, which can pass on to us when we drink water from our taps

does not pose any threats for human health because most of the drugs dissolve quite well in it

does not pose any threats for human health because most of the drugs dissolve quite well in it

#22. Pick up a glass, fill it from the tap and take a sip. You just had a tiny dose of the pill your neighbour took days before. Excreted and flushed through our sewage works and waterways, drug molecules are all around us. A recent analysis of streams in the US detected an entire pharmacy: diabetic medications, muscle relaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants and more. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated by treated waste water. The amounts that end up in your glass are minuscule, and will not lay you low tomorrow. However, someone prescribed multiple drugs is more likely to experience side effects due to these small doses, and risks rise exponentially with each drug taken by a person over 65. “These drugs have been individually approved but we have not studied what it means when they are together in the same soup,” says Mae Wu at the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) – What can be inferred from Mae Wu’s words?

The combination of medical waste in the tap water creates a very hazardous toxic soup.

The combination of medical waste in the tap water creates a very hazardous toxic soup.

She believes that drinking tap water can cause serious side effects in most people

She believes that drinking tap water can cause serious side effects in most people

The NRDC is planning to study the effects of drugs when they are together in the same mixture.

The NRDC is planning to study the effects of drugs when they are together in the same mixture.

Despite being approved individually, all drugs can be dangerous when mixed with tap water.

Despite being approved individually, all drugs can be dangerous when mixed with tap water.

She is unsure of the health effects of the combination of small doses of different drugs in the tap water.

She is unsure of the health effects of the combination of small doses of different drugs in the tap water.

#23. – Anyone who —- unusual reactions to antihistamines (medicines that relieve or prevent the symptoms of some kinds of allergy) in the recent past —- his or her physician know before taking the drugs again

used to have / might let

used to have / might let

had had / must have let

had had / must have let

was having / could le

was having / could le

has had / should let

has had / should let

had / might have let

had / might have let

#24. – 37-42: For these questions, choose the most accurate Turkish translation of the sentences in English, and the most accurate English translation of the sentences in Turkish. – Since the 1970s, media literacy has developed through the work of educators who have implemented programs to explore mass media, popular culture, and communication technologies with children and young people.

Medya okuryazarlığı, kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini çocuklar ve genç insanlarla keşfetmek için çalışan eğitimcilerin yaptığı programlar sayesinde 1970’lerden beri gelişmektedir

Medya okuryazarlığı, kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini çocuklar ve genç insanlarla keşfetmek için çalışan eğitimcilerin yaptığı programlar sayesinde 1970’lerden beri gelişmektedir

1970’lerden beri medya okuryazarlığı, çocuklarla ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için programlar uygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmaları aracılığıyla gelişmektedi

1970’lerden beri medya okuryazarlığı, çocuklarla ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için programlar uygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmaları aracılığıyla gelişmektedi

Çocuklar ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için programlar düzenleyen eğitimcilerin çalışmaları sayesinde medya okuryazarlığı 1970’lerden günümüzdeki hâline gelmiştir.

Çocuklar ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için programlar düzenleyen eğitimcilerin çalışmaları sayesinde medya okuryazarlığı 1970’lerden günümüzdeki hâline gelmiştir.

Medya okuryazarlığının gelişmesi çocuklarla ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için 1970’lerden beri programlar uygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmaları sayesinde olmuştur

Medya okuryazarlığının gelişmesi çocuklarla ve genç insanlarla kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek için 1970’lerden beri programlar uygulayan eğitimcilerin çalışmaları sayesinde olmuştur

Kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek üzere 1970’lerden beri çocuklara ve genç insanlara uygulanan programlar eğitimcilerin çalışmalarıyla birlikte medya okuryazarlığını geliştirmiştir

Kitle iletişimini, popüler kültürü ve iletişim teknolojilerini keşfetmek üzere 1970’lerden beri çocuklara ve genç insanlara uygulanan programlar eğitimcilerin çalışmalarıyla birlikte medya okuryazarlığını geliştirmiştir

#25. – Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climate change and the greenhouse effect. (17)—-, we must significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from activities like heating and transportation. One option would be to (18)—- to renewable energy sources wherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind or geothermal systems. Another important step is to reduce our individual energy footprint. For example, driving a car places a particularly high burden on the environment (19)—- the carbon dioxide emissions into the air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there are several ways to lessen the impact and still continue (20)—- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)—- many new energy-saving models, we can help reduce harmful emissions.

regardless of

regardless of

rather than

rather than

as opposed to

as opposed to

due to

due to

in spite of

in spite of

İlgili

#26. – Karşılaştığımız bütün problemleri eşit derecede iyi çözemeyebiliriz, çünkü her bir problem farklı ve yaratıcı bir çözüm gerektirebilir.

We cannot solve all the problems we encounter equally well because we may need to develop a unique and creative solution to each problem

We cannot solve all the problems we encounter equally well because we may need to develop a unique and creative solution to each problem

The reason why we may not deal with all the problems we confront equally well is that each problem may require a different and innovative solution.

The reason why we may not deal with all the problems we confront equally well is that each problem may require a different and innovative solution.

Because each problem may call for a distinct and creative solution, all the problems we face cannot be settled equally well.

Because each problem may call for a distinct and creative solution, all the problems we face cannot be settled equally well.

We may not be able to solve all the problems we confront equally well since each problem might require a different and creative solution.

We may not be able to solve all the problems we confront equally well since each problem might require a different and creative solution.

We could not overcome all the problems we encounter equally well now that a different and innovative solution may need to be produced for each problem

We could not overcome all the problems we encounter equally well now that a different and innovative solution may need to be produced for each problem

#27. In Piccard’s own words, what is the main purpose of Solar Impulse 2?

To show that a plane with no fuel is able to fly around the world

To show that a plane with no fuel is able to fly around the world

To indicate that more needs to be done to further develop solar-powered planes

To indicate that more needs to be done to further develop solar-powered planes

To contribute to the improvement of lithium batteries’ efficiency

To contribute to the improvement of lithium batteries’ efficiency

To demonstrate that the technology available today is ready to help solve pollution and energy problems

To demonstrate that the technology available today is ready to help solve pollution and energy problems

To prepare the world for the next generation of clean technologies

To prepare the world for the next generation of clean technologies

#28. – The years following the 1789 revolution in France brought massive upheaval in French society, which, in turn, produced profound changes in dress and fashion.

Although the revolution took place in France in 1789, it was only after many years that French society went through considerable changes in dress and fashion following this great disturbance in their society

Although the revolution took place in France in 1789, it was only after many years that French society went through considerable changes in dress and fashion following this great disturbance in their society

The revolution in France in 1789 led to a serious disturbance among people in French society, and this was the reason why the French had to allow for fundamental and important changes in dress and fashion.

The revolution in France in 1789 led to a serious disturbance among people in French society, and this was the reason why the French had to allow for fundamental and important changes in dress and fashion.

If it were not for the revolution in France in 1789, dress and fashion in French society might not have changed considerably despite the enormous disturbance it caused in their society.

If it were not for the revolution in France in 1789, dress and fashion in French society might not have changed considerably despite the enormous disturbance it caused in their society.

What contributed to the revolution in France in 1789 were the major changes in dress and fashion, which resulted from the huge confusion experienced by French society at that time

What contributed to the revolution in France in 1789 were the major changes in dress and fashion, which resulted from the huge confusion experienced by French society at that time

It was not until after the revolution in France in 1789 that French society experienced dramatic changes in dress and fashion, due to the enormous turmoil generated by this period

It was not until after the revolution in France in 1789 that French society experienced dramatic changes in dress and fashion, due to the enormous turmoil generated by this period

#29. – The idea of the Internet was initially to provide redundancy of communications —- a catastrophic event like a nuclear blast, which might destroy a single connection or computer but not the entire network

such as

such as

on behalf of

on behalf of

in terms of

in terms of

in addition to

in addition to

in case of

in case of

#30. – —- there is no consensus among folklorists on how to define folklore nor how to explain the issues of the meaning and the function of it, folklore generally refers to cultural expressions, such as narratives, music, dance, beliefs and festivals.

Once

Once

While

While

Until

Until

As

As

In case

In case

İlgili

#31. Although alchemy began as a way to turn other metals into gold, —-.

it matured into a system of thinking about nature that contributed to the development of modern chemistry

it matured into a system of thinking about nature that contributed to the development of modern chemistry

alchemistic ideas and practices flourished in the ancient world within several cultural traditions

alchemistic ideas and practices flourished in the ancient world within several cultural traditions

a number of spectacular failures eventually led to the disappearance of alchemy in China

a number of spectacular failures eventually led to the disappearance of alchemy in China

alchemists continued in their relentless quest for gold well into the sixteenth century

alchemists continued in their relentless quest for gold well into the sixteenth century

its objectives were to find ways of accelerating the rates at which metals could be changed into gold

its objectives were to find ways of accelerating the rates at which metals could be changed into gold

#32. – 47-50: Answer these questions according to the passage below. – Admired by native peoples for thousands of years, the Texas horned lizard has an array of abilities. It mostly eats ants – lots of them, and most parts of an ant’s body are indigestible, which necessitates a huge stomach. Eating more than two hundred ants per day means exposure out in the open for long periods, and having a ‘heavy’ stomach means that a horned lizard finds it difficult to run away from predators. Instead, it relies on an armory of defences. It has camouflage colouring, with an outline broken up by spines and outgrowths, and it will freeze if a predator approaches. Its horns and spines can pierce the throat of a snake or bird, and it can hiss and blow itself up to look even more fearsome. When it comes to coyotes, foxes, and dogs, a horned lizard’s most spectacular defence is to squirt foul-tasting blood from the sinuses behind its eyes. That usually has the desired effect. But it squirts only when it is provoked, since it risks losing up to one quarter of its blood. Such abilities are, however, no defense against human invasion of its land. Its strange shape and colouring has made it attractive to reptile collectors, and its habit of freezing means that it is prone to being run over. – For a horned lizard, eating too many ants means that it —-. ? 47-50: Answer these questions according to the passage below.

has to spend more time to digest what it has eaten than to hunt for food

has to spend more time to digest what it has eaten than to hunt for food

s more vulnerable to predators while trying to run away

s more vulnerable to predators while trying to run away

will become highly indigestible for its predators

will become highly indigestible for its predators

seems to get physically stronger in its struggle to survive in the wild

seems to get physically stronger in its struggle to survive in the wild

causes a huge decrease in the ant population living around its habitat

causes a huge decrease in the ant population living around its habitat

#33. – Professor:  And here you see a picture of a little devil frog. The male produces noisy sounds in pursuit of a partner. Student:  —- Professor:  Well, he’s a poisonous frog and has bright colours which warn predators that he’s unsafe to eat. Student:  How significant characteristics it has!

Do the sounds he makes differ or does he use the same kind of sounds?

Do the sounds he makes differ or does he use the same kind of sounds?

How do the partners react to these sounds when they hear them?

How do the partners react to these sounds when they hear them?

Is it really difficult for the little devil frog to find a partner?

Is it really difficult for the little devil frog to find a partner?

But doesn't it make him noticeable and vulnerable to being attacked?

But doesn't it make him noticeable and vulnerable to being attacked?

Is it only males, or do females also produce such sounds before mating?

Is it only males, or do females also produce such sounds before mating?

#34. – The saddest part of Hansel and Gretel is that —-

a giant in France is pushed into a fire by a little girl

a giant in France is pushed into a fire by a little girl

the children's parents are not aware of the dangers of wild beasts in the forest

the children's parents are not aware of the dangers of wild beasts in the forest

the parents do not care for their children and cause them to get caught by a witch

the parents do not care for their children and cause them to get caught by a witch

despite the presence of wild beasts, the children are left alone in the forest without any concern

despite the presence of wild beasts, the children are left alone in the forest without any concern

a young girl is captured in a giant's house

a young girl is captured in a giant's house

#35. – Forensic investigators must collect evidence while the crime scene is still fresh —-.

because forensic science is the use of scientific methods to investigate crimes

because forensic science is the use of scientific methods to investigate crimes

since forensic scientists study evidence at the homes and workplaces of suspects

since forensic scientists study evidence at the homes and workplaces of suspects

although it is the job of forensic scientists to provide evidence at a criminal trial

although it is the job of forensic scientists to provide evidence at a criminal trial

even if the area is unsafe and they have to work under armed guard

even if the area is unsafe and they have to work under armed guard

as many sciences, from chemistry to engineering, are used in an investigation

as many sciences, from chemistry to engineering, are used in an investigation

İlgili

#36. – Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climate change and the greenhouse effect. (17)—-, we must significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from activities like heating and transportation. One option would be to (18)—- to renewable energy sources wherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind or geothermal systems. Another important step is to reduce our individual energy footprint. For example, driving a car places a particularly high burden on the environment (19)—- the carbon dioxide emissions into the air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there are several ways to lessen the impact and still continue (20)—- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)—- many new energy-saving models, we can help reduce harmful emissions

to have used

to have used

being used

being used

using

using

to be used

to be used

having used

having used

#37. – (I) Established on 7 April 1948, the World Health Organisation (WHO) is one of the original agencies of the United Nations. (II) WHO defines health not merely as the absence of disease or illness, but as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. (III) Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO was set up to improve international cooperation for better health conditions across the world. (IV) It took over from the Health Organisation of the League of Nations and the International Public Office of Health in Paris. (V) Those two organisations had focused on the control of epidemics, quarantine measures, and the standardisation of drugs.

I

I

II

II

III

III

IV

IV

V

V

#38. – Journalist:  You’re the co-leader of an international project to drill for rock samples in the South China Sea. Why is that sea bed of such interest? Geophysicist:  We want to answer questions about when it was formed to better understand continental movements. Journalist:  —- Geophysicist:  We also plan to study the microbiology of the ocean crust to see if there are new organisms at these great depths.

What key questions do you hope to answer?

What key questions do you hope to answer?

What kind of rocks do you expect to find?

What kind of rocks do you expect to find?

How will you determine how old the rocks are?

How will you determine how old the rocks are?

What methods are you going to use to collect all these samples?

What methods are you going to use to collect all these samples?

What other things may this study help us understand?

What other things may this study help us understand?

#39. – 68-71: For these questions, choose the best rephrased form of the given sentence. – While in Holland, John Locke had time to complete a number of important works that established his reputation as England’s foremost political theorist

Whereas John Locke wrote many of his important works in Holland, he earned a reputation as the most important political theorist in England.

Whereas John Locke wrote many of his important works in Holland, he earned a reputation as the most important political theorist in England.

John Locke, who was famous for being England’s principal political theorist, spent some time in Holland to produce some of his most important works.

John Locke, who was famous for being England’s principal political theorist, spent some time in Holland to produce some of his most important works.

His stay in Holland, during which he completed most of his important works, helped John Locke to be accepted as one of the most significant political theorists of England.

His stay in Holland, during which he completed most of his important works, helped John Locke to be accepted as one of the most significant political theorists of England.

Thanks to several important works he finished during his stay in Holland, John Locke made quite a name for himself as the leading political theorist of England

Thanks to several important works he finished during his stay in Holland, John Locke made quite a name for himself as the leading political theorist of England

It was the countless important works he finalised in Holland that earned him a name as one of the most prominent political theorists in England.

It was the countless important works he finalised in Holland that earned him a name as one of the most prominent political theorists in England.

#40. – What can be understood about Humperdinck?

He was criticised for presenting Hansel and Gretel differently from the previous versions of it.

He was criticised for presenting Hansel and Gretel differently from the previous versions of it.

He intentionally highlighted some details of Hansel and Gretel to increase its popularity.

He intentionally highlighted some details of Hansel and Gretel to increase its popularity.

He reached a large audience especially attracted to the opera but not to the story of Hansel and Gretel.

He reached a large audience especially attracted to the opera but not to the story of Hansel and Gretel.

He made Hansel and Gretel quite famous by producing a children's opera inspired by the story

He made Hansel and Gretel quite famous by producing a children's opera inspired by the story

He removed the traumatising part of Hansel and Gretel to create a more cheerful story.

He removed the traumatising part of Hansel and Gretel to create a more cheerful story.

İlgili

#41. – 63-67: For these questions, choose the best option to complete the dialogue. – Reporter:  Kids love to eat hamburgers, but they’re not very healthy. Tell us about the public school initiative to make lunches healthier for students. Dietician:  With some help from food engineers, we’ve created a mushroom-beef blend that’s being used in schools across the country to help students eat healthier. Reporter:  —- Dietician:  True. In addition to fewer calories and saturated fats than regular hamburgers, this blend is also a greener alternative to meat since mushrooms are more sustainable than beef. Reporter:  That makes sense as they require fewer resources than livestock to produce.

I think there are more than just health benefits to using this vegetable and meat blend.

I think there are more than just health benefits to using this vegetable and meat blend.

It seems that the health benefits are the most positive thing about this vegetable and meat blend.

It seems that the health benefits are the most positive thing about this vegetable and meat blend.

As far as I understand, blending mushrooms with beef requires some careful procedures.

As far as I understand, blending mushrooms with beef requires some careful procedures.

I don't think this is a more sustainable alternative to traditional meat hamburgers.

I don't think this is a more sustainable alternative to traditional meat hamburgers.

Great! I think students will like eating this vegetable and meat blend at lunch.

Great! I think students will like eating this vegetable and meat blend at lunch.

#42. Which could be the best title for this passage?

The Extraordinary Diet of Great Whites

The Extraordinary Diet of Great Whites

The Unknown World of Great Whites

The Unknown World of Great Whites

Deadly Attacks of Great Whites on Humans

Deadly Attacks of Great Whites on Humans

The Impressive Size of Great Whites

The Impressive Size of Great Whites

Enormous Diversity of Great Whites’ Prey

Enormous Diversity of Great Whites’ Prey

#43. – Admired by native peoples for thousands of years, the Texas horned lizard has an array of abilities. It mostly eats ants – lots of them, and most parts of an ant’s body are indigestible, which necessitates a huge stomach. Eating more than two hundred ants per day means exposure out in the open for long periods, and having a ‘heavy’ stomach means that a horned lizard finds it difficult to run away from predators. Instead, it relies on an armory of defences. It has camouflage colouring, with an outline broken up by spines and outgrowths, and it will freeze if a predator approaches. Its horns and spines can pierce the throat of a snake or bird, and it can hiss and blow itself up to look even more fearsome. When it comes to coyotes, foxes, and dogs, a horned lizard’s most spectacular defence is to squirt foul-tasting blood from the sinuses behind its eyes. That usually has the desired effect. But it squirts only when it is provoked, since it risks losing up to one quarter of its blood. Such abilities are, however, no defense against human invasion of its land. Its strange shape and colouring has made it attractive to reptile collectors, and its habit of freezing means that it is prone to being run over. – Upon contact with humans, a horned lizard —-

is often hunted by collectors due to being confused with other reptiles

is often hunted by collectors due to being confused with other reptiles

attacks humans in an effort to defend its territory

attacks humans in an effort to defend its territory

is likely to be run over because it does not move when in danger

is likely to be run over because it does not move when in danger

iimmediately changes its original shape and colour

iimmediately changes its original shape and colour

tries to escape by crawling rather than moving fast

tries to escape by crawling rather than moving fast

#44. – Which of the following is pointed out in the passage?

Great whites confuse humans with seals and sea lions due to their low ability to see.

Great whites confuse humans with seals and sea lions due to their low ability to see.

Great whites bite humans to explore if their bones are to their taste

Great whites bite humans to explore if their bones are to their taste

Great whites are often incapable of choosing the right food for their diet.

Great whites are often incapable of choosing the right food for their diet.

Great whites avoid biting humans and sea creatures that are unfamiliar to them

Great whites avoid biting humans and sea creatures that are unfamiliar to them

Great whites' diet does not include humans because they have too much bone for them

Great whites' diet does not include humans because they have too much bone for them

#45. -Gender studies is a multifaceted field of inquiry into social structures and social relations that has important —- for the study of violence, peace and conflict.

challenges

challenges

divisions

divisions

implications

implications

drawbacks

drawbacks

requirements

requirements

İlgili

#46. – Fossils are remnants or traces of an animal or plant of a past geologic age that have been preserved in various ways in the Earth’s crust. From earliest times people must have seen fossils, but the first reports we have on the subject are from the ancient Greeks. Xenophanes of the early Ionian school is said to have noticed fossilised sea creatures high on mountains; he correctly interpreted this as meaning that these mountains had once been under water. —- For example, he associated the fossilised bones of large creatures with mythical animals or with giant humans.

In the 17th century, Nicolaus Steno argued persuasively that fossils are remains of living organisms

In the 17th century, Nicolaus Steno argued persuasively that fossils are remains of living organisms

In Roman times, Suetonius casually mentions that the emperor Augustus kept a collection of large fossil bones in his villa

In Roman times, Suetonius casually mentions that the emperor Augustus kept a collection of large fossil bones in his villa

The famous scholar Avicenna put forward an idea that confused people about fossils for centuries.

The famous scholar Avicenna put forward an idea that confused people about fossils for centuries.

Later, Herodotus reached the same conclusion regarding fossilized clam shells, but he misinterpreted other fossils

Later, Herodotus reached the same conclusion regarding fossilized clam shells, but he misinterpreted other fossils

Theophrastus, Aristotle’s successor, is said to have written a book on fossils, which was lost later, where he refers to fossilised fish.

Theophrastus, Aristotle’s successor, is said to have written a book on fossils, which was lost later, where he refers to fossilised fish.

#47. -Childcare is a broad term that —- services which protect the health, safety, and well-being of children who require custodial care by adults other than their own parents for a temporary period of time

hinders

hinders

encompasses

encompasses

creates

creates

eliminates

eliminates

suspends

suspends

#48. -Dramatists and scriptwriters could place their characters —- the centre of a terrifying human conflict, and may allow us to watch these characters suffer the pains of avoiding a collision —- the conflict.

on / fo

on / fo

over / in

over / in

at / with

at / with

to / about

to / about

by / from

by / from

#49. – Taking a break, and distracting your mind for a while, not only gives you the spare time to be creative, but it can also give your brain the space it needs to —- creative solutions to problems you have been struggling with

make up for

make up for

get away from

get away from

fight back against

fight back against

look up to

look up to

come up with

come up with

#50. Trans fat may be as harmful to your health as saturated fat —-.

because it increases blood cholesterol levels, among other adverse effects

because it increases blood cholesterol levels, among other adverse effects

although major sources are hardened vegetable fat such as margarine

although major sources are hardened vegetable fat such as margarine

as long as foods high in saturated fat include red meats and dairy products

as long as foods high in saturated fat include red meats and dairy products

since a diet that has generous amounts of vegetables is naturally lower in fat

since a diet that has generous amounts of vegetables is naturally lower in fat

even if a diet high in fat can also be unnecessarily high in calories

even if a diet high in fat can also be unnecessarily high in calories

İlgili

#51. – 20. yüzyılın başlarında Albert Einstein adında genç bir Alman, klasik fiziği sarsarak ve mutlak bir zaman ve uzay fikrini sonlandırarak görelilik kuramını öne sürdü

At the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein proposed his theory of relativity, shaking classical physics and ending the idea of an absolute time and space.

At the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein proposed his theory of relativity, shaking classical physics and ending the idea of an absolute time and space.

A young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics at the beginning of the 20th century and put forward his theory of relativity, ending the idea of an absolute time and space

A young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics at the beginning of the 20th century and put forward his theory of relativity, ending the idea of an absolute time and space

At the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space by proposing his theory of relativity.

At the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space by proposing his theory of relativity.

Proposing his theory of relativity at the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space.

Proposing his theory of relativity at the turn of the 20th century, a young German named Albert Einstein shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space.

The theory of relativity, proposed by a young German named Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century, shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space.

The theory of relativity, proposed by a young German named Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century, shook classical physics and ended the idea of an absolute time and space.

#52. – In almost all cultures and societies, children have collected a broad spectrum of items. Although the activity seems to be universal, very little has been written on this subject. And even though collecting has played an important part in many individuals’ lives, it is seldom described in memoirs or autobiographies. This may be because many collections are suddenly abandoned when the collector grows up. —- Other collections, however, continue into adult life, becoming lifelong passionate occupations; this is especially likely with collections that have some kind of economic value or present the adult with challenges or opportunities for further study.

Most children will carry on adding to their collections throughout adulthood because they are so attached to them.

Most children will carry on adding to their collections throughout adulthood because they are so attached to them.

Many are often split up and disappear during childhood unless parents understand the fascinating world of the small collector and pay special attention to saving them

Many are often split up and disappear during childhood unless parents understand the fascinating world of the small collector and pay special attention to saving them

The spirit of the collector, once established, never leaves the individual but is turned in new directions and can result in life-changing career choices.

The spirit of the collector, once established, never leaves the individual but is turned in new directions and can result in life-changing career choices.

Grand collections may end up in places like museums, which seems to be the dream of collectors who do not want their passionate investments to disappear with them

Grand collections may end up in places like museums, which seems to be the dream of collectors who do not want their passionate investments to disappear with them

Collecting trains the eye, creates a sense of order, and develops aesthetic appreciation, while at the same time creating a sense of economic appreciation for certain items

Collecting trains the eye, creates a sense of order, and develops aesthetic appreciation, while at the same time creating a sense of economic appreciation for certain items

#53. – Researcher:  From your documentary, we learned that Princess Diana secretly collaborated with journalist Andrew Morton to write a book about her life, in which he discloses details of her troubled relations with the royal family. Documentarist:  Well, when the book was published in 1992, Diana’s cooperation was a secret. But, when Morton republished the book after her death in 1997, he exposed the fact that Diana herself was the direct source for many revelations in the book. Reporter:  —- Documentarist:  He wanted to bring an important fact to light; the Princess herself wanted the public to know she was not living a fairy tale, but a life of misery.

Why did Morton’s book change the way the world looked at the royal family?

Why did Morton’s book change the way the world looked at the royal family?

Do you think the public was as deeply affected as Morton by Diana’s death?

Do you think the public was as deeply affected as Morton by Diana’s death?

How could Morton convince people that his book was based on Diana’s own words?

How could Morton convince people that his book was based on Diana’s own words?

What may have prompted Morton to reveal Diana’s involvement in the publication?

What may have prompted Morton to reveal Diana’s involvement in the publication?

How did Morton deal with the criticism from the royal family and the British media?

How did Morton deal with the criticism from the royal family and the British media?

#54. – —-, he was foremost an inventor and more interested in attracting public interest in his work than advancing scientific knowledge

When the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead famously credited Thomas Edison with the discovery of a method of invention

When the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead famously credited Thomas Edison with the discovery of a method of invention

While Thomas Edison saw himself as a member of the larger scientific community and presented papers before the National Academy of Sciences

While Thomas Edison saw himself as a member of the larger scientific community and presented papers before the National Academy of Sciences

As Thomas Edison began his inventive career by becoming a contract inventor in the telegraph industry after working as a telegraph operator in the mid-1860s

As Thomas Edison began his inventive career by becoming a contract inventor in the telegraph industry after working as a telegraph operator in the mid-1860s

Because Thomas Edison depended more on the assistance of a large staff of experimenters and machinists who made important contributions to his inventive efforts

Because Thomas Edison depended more on the assistance of a large staff of experimenters and machinists who made important contributions to his inventive efforts

Although reputation was significant for Thomas Edison, particularly because of his popular image as the primary inventor of several new technologies

Although reputation was significant for Thomas Edison, particularly because of his popular image as the primary inventor of several new technologies

#55. – What is the Grimm brothers’ impact on the story of Hansel and Gretel?

They gave inspiration to many other arts, and showed a fairy tale can be a product of popular culture

They gave inspiration to many other arts, and showed a fairy tale can be a product of popular culture

They recorded one of the diverse versions of the story and made it universally known as a children's literature must-read.

They recorded one of the diverse versions of the story and made it universally known as a children's literature must-read.

They added a new dimension to children's literature by telling a story which has wild beasts and witches trying to catch children.

They added a new dimension to children's literature by telling a story which has wild beasts and witches trying to catch children.

They proved that the important thing is to record a story so it can be used in other cultural activities

They proved that the important thing is to record a story so it can be used in other cultural activities

They showed that traumatising events can be used as instructions for children

They showed that traumatising events can be used as instructions for children

İlgili

#56. – Pick up a glass, fill it from the tap and take a sip. You just had a tiny dose of the pill your neighbour took days before. Excreted and flushed through our sewage works and waterways, drug molecules are all around us. A recent analysis of streams in the US detected an entire pharmacy: diabetic medications, muscle relaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants and more. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated by treated waste water. The amounts that end up in your glass are minuscule, and will not lay you low tomorrow. However, someone prescribed multiple drugs is more likely to experience side effects due to these small doses, and risks rise exponentially with each drug taken by a person over 65. “These drugs have been individually approved but we have not studied what it means when they are together in the same soup,” says Mae Wu at the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC). – What is the main purpose of the author?

To blame the US authorities for failing to take precautions against drug leftovers

To blame the US authorities for failing to take precautions against drug leftovers

To catch the attention of academicians to find a solution to the problem of contaminated tap water

To catch the attention of academicians to find a solution to the problem of contaminated tap water

To dissuade readers from continuing to use tap water in the US

To dissuade readers from continuing to use tap water in the US

To warn readers against possible health risks that may be caused by tap water

To warn readers against possible health risks that may be caused by tap water

To call for more action from the NRDC in sterilising tap water

To call for more action from the NRDC in sterilising tap water

#57. – Although the available evidence shows no use of colour or decoration on early footwear, —-.

the existence of twenty-five-thousand-year-old clothing suggests that footwear may be older than is even presently known

the existence of twenty-five-thousand-year-old clothing suggests that footwear may be older than is even presently known

the elaborate weaving on some shoes seems to indicate that prehistoric people would care about the appearance of the shoes

the elaborate weaving on some shoes seems to indicate that prehistoric people would care about the appearance of the shoes

prehistoric shoes had to resist heavy usage, whether made from leather or from plant fibers

prehistoric shoes had to resist heavy usage, whether made from leather or from plant fibers

the oldest known shoes are ten-thousand-year-old sandals found in a desert area of eastern Oregon of the US

the oldest known shoes are ten-thousand-year-old sandals found in a desert area of eastern Oregon of the US

prehistoric humans would make their shoes shortly after killing animals, such as sheep and deer

prehistoric humans would make their shoes shortly after killing animals, such as sheep and deer

#58. – 22-26: For these questions, choose the best word or expression to fill the spaces in the passage. – When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changing your eating environment is easier than changing your mind. A research team in the US has set about uncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes that trick us (22)—- overeating – things like serving spoons, cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters can also be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier. (23)—- there are many solutions to mindless eating, most of them will go undiscovered because if we have a problem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself, not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower, which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)—- successful. Research has found subtle ways to change our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify our approach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, so we mindlessly eat less (25)—- eating more. If we want to automatically eat better, we do not need to change our minds, we (26)—- our surroundings

against

against

into

into

without

without

behind

behind

off

off

#59. -Nano-tech products can potentially save lives as well as give us hundreds of new conveniences from enhanced drug delivery and disease —- to fabric that will not stain

progression

progression

manipulation

manipulation

detection

detection

transmission

transmission

inheritance

inheritance

#60. – 76-80: For these questions, choose the irrelevant sentence in the passage. (I) Across the globe, people greeted the end of World War II with a profound sense of relief. (II) By virtually any measurement, the war had been the most devastating conflict in human history. (III) The more traditional and more widely accepted date for the start of World War II is 1 September 1939, with the quick but not quite blitzkrieg (lightning) German invasion of Poland. (IV) The war’s economic cost alone has been calculated at perhaps five times that of World War I. (V) In human terms, it claimed half again as many military lives: 15 million versus 10 million for World War I.

I

I

II

II

III

III

IV

IV

V

V

İlgili

#61. More than a hundred different studies have shown that there really is a significant relation between happiness and physical health.

Yapılan yüzden fazla farklı çalışma göstermiştir ki mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki bulunabilir

Yapılan yüzden fazla farklı çalışma göstermiştir ki mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki bulunabilir

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasındaki önemli bir ilişkinin gerçekliği, yüzden fazla farklı çalışma sayesinde ortaya konmuştu

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasındaki önemli bir ilişkinin gerçekliği, yüzden fazla farklı çalışma sayesinde ortaya konmuştu

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olup olmadığını göstermek için yüzden fazla farklı çalışma yapılmıştır

Mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olup olmadığını göstermek için yüzden fazla farklı çalışma yapılmıştır

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışma, mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışma, mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışmaya göre, mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olabilir.

Yüzden fazla farklı çalışmaya göre, mutluluk ile beden sağlığı arasında gerçekten önemli bir ilişki olabilir.

#62. – When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changing your eating environment is easier than changing your mind. A research team in the US has set about uncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes that trick us (22)—- overeating – things like serving spoons, cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters can also be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier. (23)—- there are many solutions to mindless eating, most of them will go undiscovered because if we have a problem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself, not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower, which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)—- successful. Research has found subtle ways to change our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify our approach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, so we mindlessly eat less (25)—- eating more. If we want to automatically eat better, we do not need to change our minds, we (26)—- our surroundings.

have to optimise

have to optimise

must have optimised

must have optimised

may have optimised

may have optimised

could have optimised

could have optimised

would optimise

would optimise

#63. – Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climate change and the greenhouse effect. (17)—-, we must significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from activities like heating and transportation. One option would be to (18)—- to renewable energy sources wherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind or geothermal systems. Another important step is to reduce our individual energy footprint. For example, driving a car places a particularly high burden on the environment (19)—- the carbon dioxide emissions into the air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there are several ways to lessen the impact and still continue (20)—- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)—- many new energy-saving models, we can help reduce harmful emissions.

confine

confine

object

object

switch

switch

accommodate

accommodate

respond

respond

#64. – As members of households established complex relationships with outsiders during the agrarian era, they came under the influence of new rules, structures, and expectations

Hane fertleri, tarım dönemi boyunca yabancılarla çeşitli ilişkiler kurarak yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

Hane fertleri, tarım dönemi boyunca yabancılarla çeşitli ilişkiler kurarak yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

Hane fertlerinin yabancılarla karmaşık ilişkiler kurması tarım dönemine denk gelmiştir ve bu dönemde yeni kurallardan, yapılardan ve beklentilerden etkilenmişlerdir.

Hane fertlerinin yabancılarla karmaşık ilişkiler kurması tarım dönemine denk gelmiştir ve bu dönemde yeni kurallardan, yapılardan ve beklentilerden etkilenmişlerdir.

Tarım döneminde hane fertlerinin yabancılarla çeşitli ilişkiler kurmasının sebebi; yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmiş olmalarıdır.

Tarım döneminde hane fertlerinin yabancılarla çeşitli ilişkiler kurmasının sebebi; yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmiş olmalarıdır.

arım döneminde hane fertleri yabancılarla karmaşık ilişkiler kurdukça yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

arım döneminde hane fertleri yabancılarla karmaşık ilişkiler kurdukça yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına girmişlerdir.

Yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına giren hane fertleri, tarım döneminde yabancılarla daha karmaşık ilişkiler kurmuşlardır.

Yeni kuralların, yapıların ve beklentilerin etkisi altına giren hane fertleri, tarım döneminde yabancılarla daha karmaşık ilişkiler kurmuşlardır.

#65. Matthew:  A friend of mine plays in an orchestra and has invited me to their concert. I’m really nervous because I don’t know anything about orchestras. Judy:  Actually, most people don’t know much about orchestras. Just pay attention to the instrument categories, and then you’ll be less worried. Matthew:  —- Judy:  Well, each group sits together. First, you have the strings. Woodwinds are in the following section. Behind them are the brass instruments, and at the back is the percussion section.

How do you know the features of all these categories? Have you ever taken a course about orchestras?

How do you know the features of all these categories? Have you ever taken a course about orchestras?

How exactly is a typical orchestra organised? If I learn that at least, maybe I can relax and enjoy the performance.

How exactly is a typical orchestra organised? If I learn that at least, maybe I can relax and enjoy the performance.

As far as I know, you’ve attended several concerts before. Can you predict what will attract me most at the concert?

As far as I know, you’ve attended several concerts before. Can you predict what will attract me most at the concert?

What do you know about the percussion section? I think that’s the section my friend plays in. So, please tell me about it.

What do you know about the percussion section? I think that’s the section my friend plays in. So, please tell me about it.

I don’t even know the name of instruments played in an orchestra. Are there many different instruments?

I don’t even know the name of instruments played in an orchestra. Are there many different instruments?

İlgili

#66. – (I) The conventional wisdom is that it is a molecule’s specific shape that allows our noses to distinguish between one smell and another. (II) But there is new evidence that it is actually the frequency of a molecule’s vibration, a quantum effect, that is all-important. (III) Most olfactory (smell) scientists believe that receptors within our noses act like a lock that can only be activated by a molecule of a specific shape – the ‘key’. (IV) Molecules are collections of atoms that can be thought of as being connected by springs that can vibrate. (V) The trouble is, some molecules with different shapes have similar smells.

I

I

II

II

III

III

IV

IV

V

V

#67. -The thin, invisible layer of gas surrounding the Earth, which is called the atmosphere, shields us from the vacuum of space and protects us from —- solar radiation

delicate

delicate

excessive

excessive

vigorous

vigorous

elaborate

elaborate

swift

swift

#68. – 17-21: For these questions, choose the best word or expression to fill the spaces in the passage. – Fossil fuel use is one of the main causes of climate change and the greenhouse effect. (17)—-, we must significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from activities like heating and transportation. One option would be to (18)—- to renewable energy sources wherever possible, such as solar, hydropower, wind or geothermal systems. Another important step is to reduce our individual energy footprint. For example, driving a car places a particularly high burden on the environment (19)—- the carbon dioxide emissions into the air. Yet, we should keep in mind that there are several ways to lessen the impact and still continue (20)—- cars. For instance, by choosing (21)—- many new energy-saving models, we can help reduce harmful emissions.

Conversely

Conversely

Similarly

Similarly

Otherwise

Otherwise

However

However

Therefore

Therefore

#69. -Architectural analysis is not only a —- academic pursuit, done for its own sake, but it can be informative and entertaining as well.

mutually

mutually

convincingly

convincingly

drastically

drastically

purely

purely

deniably

deniably

#70. – Of the 20 amino acids that make up all proteins, 9 are considered essential —-

if thousands of proteins are assembled from some 20 different amino acids

if thousands of proteins are assembled from some 20 different amino acids

as the best sources of complete protein are lean meats, fish, low-fat dairy products, and eggs

as the best sources of complete protein are lean meats, fish, low-fat dairy products, and eggs

even if some foods are better sources of protein than others

even if some foods are better sources of protein than others

because they cannot be made in our bodies and must be obtained from the foods we ea

because they cannot be made in our bodies and must be obtained from the foods we ea

although the proteins in the foods we eat are digested first into small peptides

although the proteins in the foods we eat are digested first into small peptides

İlgili

#71. – When fighting fat, and trying to eat healthily, changing your eating environment is easier than changing your mind. A research team in the US has set about uncovering the hidden persuaders in our homes that trick us (22)—- overeating – things like serving spoons, cupboards and colours. But most of these tempters can also be reversed to make us slimmer and healthier. (23)—- there are many solutions to mindless eating, most of them will go undiscovered because if we have a problem with our diet, we tend to focus on food itself, not on our surroundings. All that requires willpower, which is hard work and has to last a lifetime to be (24)—- successful. Research has found subtle ways to change our homes, workplaces, schools, or modify our approach to restaurant dining and grocery shopping, so we mindlessly eat less (25)—- eating more. If we want to automatically eat better, we do not need to change our minds, we (26)—- our surroundings.

Given that

Given that

Just as

Just as

Before

Before

Unless

Unless

Although

Although

#72. – By 2.5 million years ago, when they began —- stone tools, early humans had understood that they —- the natural world to their own advantage.

to have made / had to alter

to have made / had to alter

to make / used to alter

to make / used to alter

making / could alter

making / could alter

having made / should have altered

having made / should have altered

to have been making / must have altered

to have been making / must have altered

#73. While professional advertisers scoff at the idea, the general public seems to assume that subliminal advertising is widely and effectively practiced.

Despite the fact that professional advertisers ridicule the public for believing in the widespread and efficient use of subliminal advertising, the public still insists on doing so

Despite the fact that professional advertisers ridicule the public for believing in the widespread and efficient use of subliminal advertising, the public still insists on doing so

As professional advertisers praise this concept, an increasing portion of the population also believes that subliminal advertising is commonly and efficiently used

As professional advertisers praise this concept, an increasing portion of the population also believes that subliminal advertising is commonly and efficiently used

Professional advertisers appear to be praising the idea that subliminal advertising is generally practiced, an assumption commonly held by the general public.

Professional advertisers appear to be praising the idea that subliminal advertising is generally practiced, an assumption commonly held by the general public.

It appears that ordinary people believe subliminal advertising is extensively and successfully carried out although professional advertisers laugh at this notion

It appears that ordinary people believe subliminal advertising is extensively and successfully carried out although professional advertisers laugh at this notion

The general population thinks that there are some people who make use of subliminal advertising efficiently; however, professional advertisers seem to think the opposite.

The general population thinks that there are some people who make use of subliminal advertising efficiently; however, professional advertisers seem to think the opposite.

#74. – 27-36: For these questions, choose the best option to complete the given sentence. – Because of its power and potential for both harm and good, —-.

modern meteorology has made notable improvements in the critical discipline of predicting severe weather

modern meteorology has made notable improvements in the critical discipline of predicting severe weather

meteorologists are the only professionals who can keep their jobs and still be wrong half the time

meteorologists are the only professionals who can keep their jobs and still be wrong half the time

scientists have studied cloud seeding with the goal of making it rain in places experiencing prolonged droughts

scientists have studied cloud seeding with the goal of making it rain in places experiencing prolonged droughts

the weather has been a subject of intense interest and scrutiny by human beings since ancient times

the weather has been a subject of intense interest and scrutiny by human beings since ancient times

it seems unlikely that we will ever get to the point of being able to predict the weather with 100 percent accuracy

it seems unlikely that we will ever get to the point of being able to predict the weather with 100 percent accuracy

#75. – Admired by native peoples for thousands of years, the Texas horned lizard has an array of abilities. It mostly eats ants – lots of them, and most parts of an ant’s body are indigestible, which necessitates a huge stomach. Eating more than two hundred ants per day means exposure out in the open for long periods, and having a ‘heavy’ stomach means that a horned lizard finds it difficult to run away from predators. Instead, it relies on an armory of defences. It has camouflage colouring, with an outline broken up by spines and outgrowths, and it will freeze if a predator approaches. Its horns and spines can pierce the throat of a snake or bird, and it can hiss and blow itself up to look even more fearsome. When it comes to coyotes, foxes, and dogs, a horned lizard’s most spectacular defence is to squirt foul-tasting blood from the sinuses behind its eyes. That usually has the desired effect. But it squirts only when it is provoked, since it risks losing up to one quarter of its blood. Such abilities are, however, no defense against human invasion of its land. Its strange shape and colouring has made it attractive to reptile collectors, and its habit of freezing means that it is prone to being run over – It could be bad for a horned lizard to use its own blood for defence because —-.

it might lose a high amount of blood, which would put its life at risk

it might lose a high amount of blood, which would put its life at risk

predators like the taste of the blood, making them more willing to eat it

predators like the taste of the blood, making them more willing to eat it

the bright colour of the blood could make it easy for predators to see it

the bright colour of the blood could make it easy for predators to see it

it is an ineffective way of defence when the predator is a snake or bird

it is an ineffective way of defence when the predator is a snake or bird

the smell of the blood could attract more predators

the smell of the blood could attract more predators

İlgili

#76. -Buildings such as the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey date back to the sixth century and yet are still standing —- they are located in earthquake-prone areas

as long as

as long as

unless

unless

as if

as if

although

although

since

since

#77. – 51-54: Answer these questions according to the passage below – More mythology surrounds the shark than any other creatures in the ocean. This is partly a symptom of their colossal size – adult male great whites can measure in excess of five metres; the temptation for humans to add a metre here or there after reported sightings is irresistable. Sharks are also, by nature, mysterious. Scientists still know next to nothing about great whites’ breeding habits; a birth in the wild has never been observed. One of the biggest great white shark myths is that the creature, disabled by its notoriously poor vision, often mistakes surfers and scuba-divers for its main prey – seals and sea lions. “Completely false,” says Richard Aidan Martin, director of the ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research in Vancouver, Canada. After observing 1,000 predatory attacks on sea lions by great whites for five years, he states that the sharks rocket to the surface and crush their prey with incredible force; however, they usually approach humans with leisurely or undramatic behaviour. Martin points out that great whites are curious and investigative animals, which is what most people do not realise. When great whites bite something unfamiliar to them, whether a person or a sea creature, they are looking for tactile evidence about what it is. They usually throw humans out of their mouth after an exploratory bite rather than swallow them for food because humans are too bony. To add more, great whites must be extremely selective about their diet. Their digestive tracts function very slowly, and eating the wrong thing would slow the shark down for days and stop them from consuming anything else. – It is understood from the passage that great whites —-.

have hardly ever been examined in terms of their breeding habits

have hardly ever been examined in terms of their breeding habits

are mysterious because why they mainly prey on seals and sea lions has not been clarified

are mysterious because why they mainly prey on seals and sea lions has not been clarified

are giant creatures whose size can never be measured exactly

are giant creatures whose size can never be measured exactly

have been studied more extensively than any other creatures in the ocean

have been studied more extensively than any other creatures in the ocean

have unusual breeding habits to which scientists have been paying particular attention

have unusual breeding habits to which scientists have been paying particular attention

#78. – —-, it will not be possible to turn a draft into a finished piece of work

Although an author may have a hard time evaluating what he or she has written

Although an author may have a hard time evaluating what he or she has written

Even if an author thinks that characterisation is poor in his or her work

Even if an author thinks that characterisation is poor in his or her work

Unless an author knows the strengths and weaknesses of a manuscript

Unless an author knows the strengths and weaknesses of a manuscript

Because an author should realise that revision turns an amateur into a professional

Because an author should realise that revision turns an amateur into a professional

When rewriting and polishing lead an author to produce a good novel

When rewriting and polishing lead an author to produce a good novel

#79. Çıraklık sistemleri Avrupa ve Asya ülkelerinde yaygın bir biçimde kullanılagelmiş olsa da Birleşik Devletler’dekinden biraz farklı bir biçimde işlemektedir.

Although apprenticeship systems have been used widely in European and Asian countries, they operate in a somewhat different manner than those in the United States

Although apprenticeship systems have been used widely in European and Asian countries, they operate in a somewhat different manner than those in the United States

European and Asian countries have been widely using apprenticeship systems that operate in a slightly different manner than the United States.

European and Asian countries have been widely using apprenticeship systems that operate in a slightly different manner than the United States.

Apprenticeship systems are widely used not only in European and Asian countries but also in the United States, but in a somewhat different manner in the former

Apprenticeship systems are widely used not only in European and Asian countries but also in the United States, but in a somewhat different manner in the former

Both European and Asian countries and the United States have been widely using apprenticeship systems, but the latter has been practising it in a slightly different manner

Both European and Asian countries and the United States have been widely using apprenticeship systems, but the latter has been practising it in a slightly different manner

There is a slight difference between the apprenticeship systems in European and Asian countries and those in the United States, though both have been widely used for a long time

There is a slight difference between the apprenticeship systems in European and Asian countries and those in the United States, though both have been widely used for a long time

#80. – 59-62: Answer these questions according to the passage below. – In Bertrand Piccard’s family, there is a tradition of being first. His grandfather, Auguste, was the first person to ride a balloon into the stratosphere. His father, Jacques, was the first to reach the Earth’s deepest point, the Pacific’s Mariana Trench. And in 1999, Piccard completed the first non-stop, around-the-world balloon flight. This feat, plus an environmentally conscious approach to innovation, spurred the renowned Swiss adventurer to dream of circumnavigating the globe in a plane that uses no fuel. The result is the Solar Impulse 2, an aircraft equipped with more than 17,000 solar cells. Thanks to lithium batteries that efficiently store energy reserves, it is the first solar-powered plane that can fly through the night. “If we want to solve our pollution and energy problems,” says Piccard, a psychiatrist by training, “we need to increase our energy efficiency and focus on clean technologies. Solar Impulse 2 is really a way to show that those technologies are mature.” – What can be inferred about Piccard’s father and grandfather?

They preferred to follow their dreams rather than have careers.

They preferred to follow their dreams rather than have careers.

They were not afraid of taking risks and pursuing their dreams

They were not afraid of taking risks and pursuing their dreams

They were both renowned scientists in their fields.

They were both renowned scientists in their fields.

They were very supportive of Piccard’s ambitions

They were very supportive of Piccard’s ambitions

They were just as concerned about the environment as Piccard

They were just as concerned about the environment as Piccard

İlgili

TESTi BiTiR, PUANINI GÖR

SONUÇ

-

İlgili

İlgili

Share your score!

Tweet your score!

HD Quiz powered by harmonic design

YDS ingilizce 2018

YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (YDS) İNGİLİZCE 2018 ONLINE DENEME

YDS ingilizce 2018 -Soruların Kitapçığı(pdf)

TOEFL

İlgili

Aöf - İşletme Fakültesi Tüm Dersler 

Aöf - İktisat Fakültesi Tüm Dersler

error: Kopyalamaya Karşı Korumalıdır!