YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (YDS) İNGİLİZCE 2021

YDS İngilizce 2021

1- The achievements of Sherlock Holmes, the most famous fictional detective in history, derive from his ……… to balance the physical evidence of a case with the more challenging subjective truths into a single coherent judgement

a) capability
b) prejudice
c) deception
d) resistance
e) nomination

Answer : a. capability

2- In 1558, Queen Mary I of England was persuaded byher husband, King Philip II of Spain, to join him in a renewed war with France, which proved ……. forEngland as it led to the loss of Calais, England’s last foothold in continental Europe.

a) compatible
b) vulnerable
c) predictable
d) disastrous
e) indicative

Answer : d) disastrous

3- Governments around the world, in partnership with civil society, must continue to act …… against the tobacco epidemic – the leading global cause of preventable death.

a) deficiently
b) decisively
c) suspiciously
d) adversely
e) roughly

Answer : b) decisively

4- The term ‘Geography’ formally applies to an academic discipline that …… the study of the Earth’s surface, its inhabitants, and more recently, its environment.

a) attaches
b) occupies
c) considers
d) inhabits
e) encompasses

Answer : e) encompasses

5-Serotonin is responsible for maintaining appetite, sleep, and mood balance, but a deficit of it …… depression.

a) brings about
b) takes over
c) keeps on
d) turns down
e) gives off

Answer : a) brings about

6- The moment the first stars ….. is one of the most evocative milestones in the evolution of the cosmos – it marks the beginning of the age of light, the moment when the Universe …… recognisable to us.

a) were born / would have become
b) are being born / might become
c) had been born / will become
d) are born / should become
e) would have been born / could have become

Answer : a) were born / would have become

7- Palaeontologists ….. that small mammals ….. the extinction of dinosaurs by eating their eggs; however, currently they think the rise of mammals was an effect of the demise of dinosaurs.

a) may think / could have caused
b) must think / would have caused
c) used to think / might have caused
d) had to think / should have caused
e) would think / must have caused

Answer : c) used to think / might have caused

8- Children learn the language ….. to them and reinforce the unique features that are characteristic of the dialect ……

a) speaking / being used
b) to be spoken / to use
c) spoken / used
d) being spoken / using
e) to speak / to be used

Answer : c) spoken / used

9- Much research suggests that ….. its core, Alzheimer’s disease may be a metabolic disorder, an irregularity in fuel use ….. the brain, a process that loses efficiency with age.

a) in / from
b) to / with
c) on / for
d) at / by
e) under / against

Answer : d) at / by

10- Food is portrayed in a judgemental way ……. the media, and some popular diets use expensive ingredients that are not kind …… the environment.

a) over / for
b) as / across
c) from / at
d) in / to
e) with / on

Answer : d) in / to

YDS İngilizce 2021

11- Researchers believe positive musical tones activate the brain by encouraging the release of dopamine, helping spark new ideas more than quiet, …… experts suggest we are better at problem-solving if we work in silence.

a) likewise
b) so
c) but
d) since
e) for example

Answer : c) but

12- …… bacteria were discovered in the 17th century, infectious diseases were thought to be caused by sickly smells.

a) Once
b) Given that
c) Since
d) Until
e) Even if

Answer : d) Until

13- On the black market, prices of …… thousand dollars are paid for the extremely rare hyacinth macaw, which is ….. sought after by enthusiasts.

a) any / a lot
b) each / neither
c) several / much
d) some / a little
e) enough / all

Answer : c) several / much

14- Human hearing is not …… sensitive …… that of a bat or a dog, but human beings make a wide range of sounds.

a) both / and
b) neither / nor
c) as / as
d) whether / or
e) either / or

Answer : c) as / as

15-
……. being the second largest oil-producing state in the US after Alaska, Texas is rich in iron ore, magnesium, uranium and other minerals.

a) In terms of
b) As opposed to
c) As well as
d) In spite of
e) Rather than

Answer : c) As well as

16- In 1869, work on the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. The project was plagued

……problems, though, and it would take 14 years to complete. The driving force behind the project, John Roebling died, and then his son Washington

a) on
b) with
c) about
d) in
e) of

Answer : b) with

17- In 1869, work on the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. The project was plagued

…….. He had a good reputation in the construction industry like his father

a) worked out
b) put off
c) got away
d) took over
e) fell apart

Answer : d) took over

18- In 1869, work on the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. The project was plagued

…….., he developed a crippling illness. Bedridden but determined

a) In addition
b) On the contrary
c) Instead
d) Therefore
e) However

Answer : e) However

19- In 1869, work on the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. The project was plagued

……., he used a telescope to keep watch over the construction of the bridge, which was finished in 1883.

a) to have proceeded
b) proceeding
c) to proceed
d) to be proceeded
e) being proceeded

Answer : c) to proceed

20- In 1869, work on the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. The project was plagued

…….. the efforts of Roebling’s son, today the Brooklyn Bridge ranks as one of the greatest engineering feats of the 19th century as one of New York’s most popular and well-known landmarks.

a) In spite of
b) In comparison with
c) Thanks to
d) As well as
e) Rather tha

Answer : c) Thanks to

YDS İngilizce 2021

21- —- because it cannot be replaced once it is removed from the ground.

a) Petroleum is mineral oil that is found under the ground or sea
b) People use refined petroleum to make a great variety of products
c) Burning fuel made from petroleum releases many harmful gases into the air
d) Petroleum, of which the world has a limited supply, is called a non-renewable resource
e) Petroleum is formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

Answer : d) Petroleum, of which the world has a limited supply, is called a non-renewable resource

22- While most ancient societies were governed by kings, ……..

a) Pericles, a Greek politician, made Athens into an imperial power
b) the Athenians believed that their city was named after the goddess Athena
c) Athens was led to a war with Sparta, which the Athenians eventually lost
d) Greek city-states were run by assemblies of male citizens for centuries
e) the competitive Greeks saw constant warfare as a normal way of life

Answer : d) Greek city-states were run by assemblies of male citizens for centuries

23- Although they are usually worn for practical reasons, so that the wearer can keep track of the time, ……..

a) watches are also a piece of jewellery expressing the wearer’s wealth, social status, and sense of style

b) pocket watches can be as large as three inches in diameter, thus, they do not interfere with the wearer’s movement

c) wristwatches have been the most common form of timepiece ever since they began to be produced with metal and leather straps

d) watches are available today in every price range, from a five-dollar plastic watch to a ten-thousand-dollar gold one

e) the idea of watches is quite ancient, dating back to the Romans who lived as early as 500 BCE

Answer : a) watches are also a piece of jewellery expressing the wearer’s wealth, social status, and sense of style

24- When long-tailed ducks venture beneath the waves in search of fish, ………

a) their surviving numbers are estimated between 6.2 and 6.8 million

b) they are largely found in the oceans of the Northern Hemisphere

c) they are able to reach depths as great as 60 meters

d) fewer young are hatched as populations decline due to overhunting

e) their body length and weight differ according to what they feed on

Answer : c) they are able to reach depths as great as 60 meters

25- ….., vitamin E is also of great importance in energy production, playing an essential role in cellular respiration of all muscles.

a) When it comes to foods processed with heat

b) Although excessive amounts are eliminated through bodily functions

c) Besides its primary function as an antioxidant

d) In spite of the damage it does to the nerves and red blood cells

e) Regardless of being one of the most essential vitamins

Answer : c) Besides its primary function as an antioxidant

26- Early civilizations were well aware that plants were attacked by diseases; ………

a) thus, Ireland suffered a devastating potato famine due to a fungus that caused late blight of potatoes in the 19th century

b) therefore, it was commonly believed that most of the plant diseases and the fungi arose spontaneously from decay

c) nevertheless, the ability to combat plant diseases through pest control made it possible to yield greatly

d) on the other side, during the Middle Ages in Europe, Shakespeare mentioned wheat mildew in one of his plays

e) however, it was not until the invention of the first microscope that people began to understand the real causes of these diseases

Answer : e) however, it was not until the invention of the first microscope that people began to understand the real causes of these diseases

27- …….., some of the water they hold evaporates into the warm air.

a) Unless water droplets form clouds

b) Since clouds each have different variations

c) When the sun shines on ponds and lakes

d) As long as different types of precipitation fall from the sky

e) If patterns of weather depend on the nature of the local air mass

Answer : c) When the sun shines on ponds and lakes

28 ……, there is nowhere in the universe where it will disappear altogether.

a) Since the Earth’s gravitational field is constantly pulling the International Space Station
b) If gravity does not pull objects back to the Earth with excessive force
c) Although the effect of gravity will gradually decrease as we travel deeper into space
d) Even though there are space stations located some 400km above the Earth’s surface
e) Until astronauts experience 90 percent of the gravity to which we are subjected to on Eart

Answer :  c) Although the effect of gravity will gradually decrease as we travel deeper into space

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In 1911, the Mona Lisa painting in the Louvre Museum came to global stardom when she became the victim of one the most recognised art thefts in history. For two years the whereabouts of the painting by the great Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci remained a mystery. Then in November 1913, the thief named Vincenzo Peruggia contacted an art dealer in Italy and offered to bring him the painting for a reward of 500,000 lire. Peruggia had moved to Paris in 1908 and had worked at the Louvre for some time. Dressed in a white smock worn by Louvre employees, he had hidden inside the gallery until it closed for the night. He then removed the painting from its frame and strolled out with it hidden under his smock when the museum opened as usual the following morning. The theft was genius in its simplicity – Peruggia, in his work clothes, had attracted no notice and had been out of the area by the time the theft was realised. He was arrested, but unfortunately served only eight months in prison thanks to a psychiatrist who testified that he was ‘intellectually deficient’.

The underlined word ‘stardom’ in the passage is closest in meaning to ……..

a) change
b) fame
c) doubt
d) perception
e) search

Answer : b) fame

YDS İngilizce 2021

30-

In 1911, the Mona Lisa painting in the Louvre Museum came to global stardom when she became the victim of one the most recognised art thefts in history. For two years the whereabouts of the painting by the great Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci remained a mystery. Then in November 1913, the thief named Vincenzo Peruggia contacted an art dealer in Italy and offered to bring him the painting for a reward of 500,000 lire. Peruggia had moved to Paris in 1908 and had worked at the Louvre for some time. Dressed in a white smock worn by Louvre employees, he had hidden inside the gallery until it closed for the night. He then removed the painting from its frame and strolled out with it hidden under his smock when the museum opened as usual the following morning. The theft was genius in its simplicity – Peruggia, in his work clothes, had attracted no notice and had been out of the area by the time the theft was realised. He was arrested, but unfortunately served only eight months in prison thanks to a psychiatrist who testified that he was ‘intellectually deficient’.

Peruggia did not attract any attention as the thief of the Mona Lisa painting because ……..

a) no one had any information about where the painting was for two years after the great theft
b) he had already moved to Paris in 1908 and started to look for a job
c) he charged an art dealer 500,000 lire for the sale of the painting
d) authorities did not believe that he could be the thief because he was intellectually deficient
e) he was wearing his work clothes when he took the painting out of the museum

Answer : e) he was wearing his work clothes when he took the painting out of the museum

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In 1911, the Mona Lisa painting in the Louvre Museum came to global stardom when she became the victim of one the most recognised art thefts in history. For two years the whereabouts of the painting by the great Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci remained a mystery. Then in November 1913, the thief named Vincenzo Peruggia contacted an art dealer in Italy and offered to bring him the painting for a reward of 500,000 lire. Peruggia had moved to Paris in 1908 and had worked at the Louvre for some time. Dressed in a white smock worn by Louvre employees, he had hidden inside the gallery until it closed for the night. He then removed the painting from its frame and strolled out with it hidden under his smock when the museum opened as usual the following morning. The theft was genius in its simplicity – Peruggia, in his work clothes, had attracted no notice and had been out of the area by the time the theft was realised. He was arrested, but unfortunately served only eight months in prison thanks to a psychiatrist who testified that he was ‘intellectually deficient’.

What is the author’s attitude towards Peruggia’s eight-month prison sentence?

a) Suspicious
b) Sarcastic
c) Supportive
d) Disapproving
e) Impartial

Answer : d) Disapproving

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Social media websites arrived in the middle of a dramatic increase in the quantity and intensity of human loneliness, a rise that initially made these websites’ promise of greater connection seem deeply attractive. A recent study found a complex relationship between loneliness and social networking. Social media users had slightly lower levels of social loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with friends), but significantly higher levels of family loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with the family). It may be that social networking encourages more contact with people outside of our household, at the expense of our family relationships or it may be that people who have unhappy family relationships in the first place seek companionship through other means, including social media websites. The fears that social media is distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social networking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer highlight the anxieties that social media have produced. In fact, what social media has revealed about human nature is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is not a ticket to a happier, better world.

According to the passage, why did social media become so attractive?

a) It connected people from different backgrounds to improve their social experiences.

b) It enabled family members to strengthen their bonds with each other.

c) It spread happiness by giving people the opportunity to make new social contacts.

d) It offered greater connection at a time when people were feeling extremely lonely.

e) It gave self-confidence to introverts by encouraging them to contact new people.

Answer : d) It offered greater connection at a time when people were feeling extremely lonely.

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Social media websites arrived in the middle of a dramatic increase in the quantity and intensity of human loneliness, a rise that initially made these websites’ promise of greater connection seem deeply attractive. A recent study found a complex relationship between loneliness and social networking. Social media users had slightly lower levels of social loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with friends), but significantly higher levels of family loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with the family). It may be that social networking encourages more contact with people outside of our household, at the expense of our family relationships or it may be that people who have unhappy family relationships in the first place seek companionship through other means, including social media websites. The fears that social media is distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social networking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer highlight the anxieties that social media have produced. In fact, what social media has revealed about human nature is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is not a ticket to a happier, better world.

According to the passage, social networking ……..

a) makes people spend most of their time on electronic devices

b) may lead to isolation among family members

c) prevents people from facing the challenges in their relationships

d) may cause people to develop a narrower view of the world

e) gives rise to mutual misunderstandings in relationships

Answer : b) may lead to isolation among family members

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Social media websites arrived in the middle of a dramatic increase in the quantity and intensity of human loneliness, a rise that initially made these websites’ promise of greater connection seem deeply attractive. A recent study found a complex relationship between loneliness and social networking. Social media users had slightly lower levels of social loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with friends), but significantly higher levels of family loneliness (the sense of not feeling bonded with the family). It may be that social networking encourages more contact with people outside of our household, at the expense of our family relationships or it may be that people who have unhappy family relationships in the first place seek companionship through other means, including social media websites. The fears that social media is distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social networking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer highlight the anxieties that social media have produced. In fact, what social media has revealed about human nature is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is not a ticket to a happier, better world.

What is the main purpose of the author?

a) To give examples of how social media damages close relationships

b) To highlight the basic human need for bonding with others

c) To explain why social media has attracted millions of users

d) To show that social networking does not necessarily result in happiness

e)To describe the ways one can make friends using social networking

Answer : d) To show that social networking does not necessarily result in happiness

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Around 1650 BCE, central Anatolia’s city-states were united by conquest into a kingdom with its capital at Hattusa. Vigorous rulers of this Hittite Old Kingdom campaigned into Syria and even sacked Babylon in 1595 BCE. However, the series of succession disputes that followed reduced their dominions. From the 14th century BCE on, strong Hittite kings regained previously lost territories, expanded into western Anatolia, and destroyed the Mitanni Empire in Syria, thus bringing them into direct territorial competition with the Egyptians. After the inconclusive Battle of Qadesh around 1274 BCE, Egypt accepted Hittite control over Syria. Widespread human and natural troubles in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE destroyed the Hittite Empire, but a number of small Neo-Hittite kingdoms sprang up in southern Anatolia and Syria, prospering until the Assyrians conquered them in 700 BCE. Barbarian raiders ever present to their north and a tradition of armed conflict made the Hittites invest heavily in defence. Massive and complex city fortifications included towers, huge stone gateways with difficult approaches, and long tunnels under the walls to secret exits. Often a citadel and inner defensiv

The rivalry between the Hittites and Egyptians started as a result of …….

a) the unification of Anatolian city-states against the Hittites
b) a number of succession disputes among the Hittites
c) the loss of some Hittite territories in western Anatolia
d) the destruction of the Mitanni Empire by the Hittites
e) poor administration by Hittite rulers

Answer : d) the destruction of the Mitanni Empire by the Hittites

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Around 1650 BCE, central Anatolia’s city-states were united by conquest into a kingdom with its capital at Hattusa. Vigorous rulers of this Hittite Old Kingdom campaigned into Syria and even sacked Babylon in 1595 BCE. However, the series of succession disputes that followed reduced their dominions. From the 14th century BCE on, strong Hittite kings regained previously lost territories, expanded into western Anatolia, and destroyed the Mitanni Empire in Syria, thus bringing them into direct territorial competition with the Egyptians. After the inconclusive Battle of Qadesh around 1274 BCE, Egypt accepted Hittite control over Syria. Widespread human and natural troubles in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE destroyed the Hittite Empire, but a number of small Neo-Hittite kingdoms sprang up in southern Anatolia and Syria, prospering until the Assyrians conquered them in 700 BCE. Barbarian raiders ever present to their north and a tradition of armed conflict made the Hittites invest heavily in defence. Massive and complex city fortifications included towers, huge stone gateways with difficult approaches, and long tunnels under the walls to secret exits. Often a citadel and inner defensiv

According to the passage, the Hittites ……..

a) did not believe that they would ever win the Battle of Qadesh
b) were able to take control of the Syrian region due to some troubles experienced by Egypt
c) had to spend a lot on defence to protect their lands against outside attacks
d) lost the Battle of Qadesh because of man-made and natural disasters
e) initiated another battle with the Assyrians as they failed to defeat the Egyptians

Answer : c) had to spend a lot on defence to protect their lands against outside attacks

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Around 1650 BCE, central Anatolia’s city-states were united by conquest into a kingdom with its capital at Hattusa. Vigorous rulers of this Hittite Old Kingdom campaigned into Syria and even sacked Babylon in 1595 BCE. However, the series of succession disputes that followed reduced their dominions. From the 14th century BCE on, strong Hittite kings regained previously lost territories, expanded into western Anatolia, and destroyed the Mitanni Empire in Syria, thus bringing them into direct territorial competition with the Egyptians. After the inconclusive Battle of Qadesh around 1274 BCE, Egypt accepted Hittite control over Syria. Widespread human and natural troubles in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE destroyed the Hittite Empire, but a number of small Neo-Hittite kingdoms sprang up in southern Anatolia and Syria, prospering until the Assyrians conquered them in 700 BCE. Barbarian raiders ever present to their north and a tradition of armed conflict made the Hittites invest heavily in defence. Massive and complex city fortifications included towers, huge stone gateways with difficult approaches, and long tunnels under the walls to secret exits. Often a citadel and inner defensiv

What is the passage mainly about?

a) Hittite expansion into western Anatolia

b) The governance structure of the Hittites

c) A brief history of the Hittites

d) The importance of the Battle of Qadesh

e) The competition between the Hittites and Egyptians

Answer : c) A brief history of the Hittites

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Under the Roman Republic, brickmaking, particularly in the region of Rome itself, became a major industry, and finally, under the Empire, it became a state monopoly. Brick construction was cheaper than stone due to the economies of scale in mass production and the lower level of skill needed to put it in place. The brick arch was adopted to span openings in walls. Mortar had traditionally been composed of sand, lime, and water, but beginning in the 2nd century BCE, a new ingredient was introduced. The Romans called it pulvis puteoli after the town of Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli), near Naples, where it was first found. The material, formed in Mount Vesuvius and mined on its slopes, is now called pozzolana. When mixed with lime, pozzolana forms a natural cement that is much stronger and more weather-resistant than lime mortar alone, and that will harden even underwater. Pozzolanic mortars were so strong and cheap, and could be placed by labourers of such low skill, that the Romans began to substitute them for traditional mortars inside walls. The concrete made
from pozzolana made it possible to create curved shapes and led to the creation of a series of remarkable interior spaces spanned by domes and columns.

Which of the following was one of the advantages of brick over stone?

a) It was more practical to use in construction than stone.

b) It was unique to Rome, which made brickmaking a state monopoly.

c) It created a new type of job, which revived the economy.

d) It was easier to use given that Rome did not have enough labour force.

e) It required a high level of skill, which improved construction.

Answer : a) It was more practical to use in construction than stone.

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Under the Roman Republic, brickmaking, particularly in the region of Rome itself, became a major industry, and finally, under the Empire, it became a state monopoly. Brick construction was cheaper than stone due to the economies of scale in mass production and the lower level of skill needed to put it in place. The brick arch was adopted to span openings in walls. Mortar had traditionally been composed of sand, lime, and water, but beginning in the 2nd century BCE, a new ingredient was introduced. The Romans called it pulvis puteoli after the town of Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli), near Naples, where it was first found. The material, formed in Mount Vesuvius and mined on its slopes, is now called pozzolana. When mixed with lime, pozzolana forms a natural cement that is much stronger and more weather-resistant than lime mortar alone, and that will harden even underwater. Pozzolanic mortars were so strong and cheap, and could be placed by labourers of such low skill, that the Romans began to substitute them for traditional mortars inside walls. The concrete made
from pozzolana made it possible to create curved shapes and led to the creation of a series of remarkable interior spaces spanned by domes and columns.

Why were pozzolanic mortars preferred to traditional mortars inside walls?

a) They were more affordable and durable.

b) The raw material came from Mount Vesuvius.

c) The Romans wanted to build constructions underwater.

d) They were prepared by professional workers.

e) The weather in the region was ideal for that material.

Answer : a) They were more affordable and durable.

YDS İngilizce 2021

40-
Under the Roman Republic, brickmaking, particularly in the region of Rome itself, became a major industry, and finally, under the Empire, it became a state monopoly. Brick construction was cheaper than stone due to the economies of scale in mass production and the lower level of skill needed to put it in place. The brick arch was adopted to span openings in walls. Mortar had traditionally been composed of sand, lime, and water, but beginning in the 2nd century BCE, a new ingredient was introduced. The Romans called it pulvis puteoli after the town of Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli), near Naples, where it was first found. The material, formed in Mount Vesuvius and mined on its slopes, is now called pozzolana. When mixed with lime, pozzolana forms a natural cement that is much stronger and more weather-resistant than lime mortar alone, and that will harden even underwater. Pozzolanic mortars were so strong and cheap, and could be placed by labourers of such low skill, that the Romans began to substitute them for traditional mortars inside walls. The concrete made
from pozzolana made it possible to create curved shapes and led to the creation of a series of remarkable interior spaces spanned by domes and columns.

Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

a) Interior Design of Roman Buildings

b) The Expenses of Brickmaking

c) The Handicaps of Pozzolana

d) A Short Global History of Brickmaking

e) Construction Materials in Roman Architecture

Answer : e) Construction Materials in Roman Architecture

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The skill of observing animals to aid our survival dates back millennia. Nearly 6,000 years ago, indigenous people of North America used their deep understanding of bison behaviour to devise an efficient way to hunt. In modern times, our interest in animal behaviour comes with new insights and terminology. ‘Herd sourcing’, for example, borrows from the word: ‘crowdsourcing’, but centres on using the collective intelligence of wildlife rather than people. Over the last few years, watching animals for the clues they provide about the natural world has shifted from folklore to science. In 2013, for example, US scientists put to the test the ‘old wives’ tale’ that cows lie down when rain is on its way. The researchers measured the core body temperature of cattle and found that cows lie down when it is cold and stand up when it is hot to disperse heat. While it may not accurately predict precipitation, it does show a link between cattle behaviour and the weather.

It is pointed out in the passage that observing animals ……..

a) is not a recent trend

b) mostly benefitted indigenous people

c) has shaped people’s ideas about the world

d) was more popular in hunting communities

e) can harm their environment

Answer : a) is not a recent trend

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The skill of observing animals to aid our survival dates back millennia. Nearly 6,000 years ago, indigenous people of North America used their deep understanding of bison behaviour to devise an efficient way to hunt. In modern times, our interest in animal behaviour comes with new insights and terminology. ‘Herd sourcing’, for example, borrows from the word: ‘crowdsourcing’, but centres on using the collective intelligence of wildlife rather than people. Over the last few years, watching animals for the clues they provide about the natural world has shifted from folklore to science. In 2013, for example, US scientists put to the test the ‘old wives’ tale’ that cows lie down when rain is on its way. The researchers measured the core body temperature of cattle and found that cows lie down when it is cold and stand up when it is hot to disperse heat. While it may not accurately predict precipitation, it does show a link between cattle behaviour and the weather.

One can understand from the passage that observing animal behaviour ……..

a) has evolved into a more scientific practice than in the past

b) has always had a scientific basis

c) is a unique way of crowdsourcing

d) has not changed in practice for the last millennia

e) provides valuable data for how to improve ‘herd sourcing’ techniques

Answer : a) has evolved into a more scientific practice than in the past

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The skill of observing animals to aid our survival dates back millennia. Nearly 6,000 years ago, indigenous people of North America used their deep understanding of bison behaviour to devise an efficient way to hunt. In modern times, our interest in animal behaviour comes with new insights and terminology. ‘Herd sourcing’, for example, borrows from the word: ‘crowdsourcing’, but centres on using the collective intelligence of wildlife rather than people. Over the last few years, watching animals for the clues they provide about the natural world has shifted from folklore to science. In 2013, for example, US scientists put to the test the ‘old wives’ tale’ that cows lie down when rain is on its way. The researchers measured the core body temperature of cattle and found that cows lie down when it is cold and stand up when it is hot to disperse heat. While it may not accurately predict precipitation, it does show a link between cattle behaviour and the weather.

According to the research carried out by the US scientists, …….

a) there might be a connection between animal behaviour and natural events

b) cows do not like hot weather as much as cold weather

c) old sayings about animals prove to be correct in some parts of the world

d) cows are affected by temperature and get more aggressive in the cold

e) it is hard to understand how cows can predict natural events

Answer : a) there might be a connection between animal behaviour and natural events

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Sam:
– I just saw a documentary which said that there are some people who believe that animals can predict natural disasters like earthquakes. Can you believe that?

May:
– You might be surprised! There’re even many scientists who think that they really can.

Sam:
– Really? Do they have any actual evidence for it?

May:
– ………

Sam:
– Wow! Sounds interesting

a) There’re also many scientists who believe it’s impossible to predict natural disasters like earthquakes.

b) The idea that animals can predict natural disasters isn’t actually a new one. 3,000 years ago Chinese scholars were convinced that they could.

c) I think scientists will have a better understanding of whether animals can in anyway feel a natural disaster with more evidence.

d) Researchers who studied the Etna volcanic eruption and following earthquakes observed that animals reacted during the hours before.

e) When a natural disaster like a volcanic eruption is underway, the ground under us changes. So, we might be feeling those

Answer : d) Researchers who studied the Etna volcanic eruption and following earthquakes observed that animals reacted during the hours before.

45-

Tim:
– I don’t spend a lot, but even so, there’s nothing left for me at the end of the month. Maybe I should find a part-time job.

Helen:
– Living on a budget is a real skill, but it’s possible. Look at me! I manage to survive and even have fun without a scholarship or a part-time job.

Tim:
– How do you do that?

Helen:
– …….

Tim:
– That’s smart! I’ll go look for one now

a) I just stay home watching a movie or playing with my cat.

b) I find free activities in the student paper. They’re really fun!

c) Well, I don’t really like cooking but it’s much cheaper. Avoid eating out!

d) I don’t think you should take me as an example. Ask another classmate.

e) My eldest sister sends me pocket money every school month

Answer : b) I find free activities in the student paper. They’re really fun!

46-

Justine:
– We could go to the movies tonight but I don’t think there is a film worth watching at the moment.

Kenneth:
– ……..

Justine:

– It sounds like a science fiction movie rather than a detective one, but seems interesting anyway, so maybe we could go and see it today.

Kenneth:
– I’m not sure. My brother and I might go to see our grandfather. I’ll tell you if I don’t.

a) I’ve watched a few extraordinary movies this month, but the one about a detective on a space station was the best.

b) Last night, I saw a trailer for an interesting detective story where the police used augmented reality to investigate crime scenes.

c) I know that there’s a detective movie that’s supposed to have every possible worst-case scenario imaginable in it.

d) In fact, a science fiction movie is now showing about an intergalactic war. Although critics say it’s not very good, we can watch it if you want.

e) It makes more sense to watch a pay-per-view detective movie on the Internet; I love browsing lists of movies to find a good one.

Answer : b) Last night, I saw a trailer for an interesting detective story where the police used augmented reality to investigate crime scenes.

47-
Lindy:
– I read that travel happiness may reach its highest level in the planning stage.

Edith:
– ………

Lindy:
– You’re right. You have a feeling of contentment when you know that you’ll soon do things that entertain you.

Edith:
– Planning a holiday or trip can definitely be fun and exciting for everyone.

a) In fact, it’s the same case when you return home. You often realise that your energy and enthusiasm have increased after the break, which makes you pretty happy.

b) I think it depends on whether you’re able to plan things well. If you’re an highly organised person, it’s no surprise that you’ll have an excellent travel plan.

c) Really? To be honest, I feel really stressed when I have to think about where to go, how much I’ll spend, or whether I’ll find a decent hotel.

d) Sure! Even knowing that you’re going to see wonderful places, taste delicious foods, or have a good rest can dramatically boost your mood.

e) Today, travel agencies offer so many alternatives for their customers that most are happy in the end

Answer : d) Sure! Even knowing that you’re going to see wonderful places, taste delicious foods, or have a good rest can dramatically boost your mood.

YDS İngilizce 2021

48-

Interviewer:
– Are there still new environments to study beneath the sea?

Oceanographer:
– We know something about the life forms in the deep sea but not much about distant environments.

Interviewer:
– ………
Oceanographer:
– We want to find out more about the microbes living beneath the ocean floor.

a) How do you plan to reach such areas beneath the sea?

b) What do you exactly intend to study in those environments?

c) What do you know about other creatures living in the sea?

d) What actually are these life forms in the deep oceans?

e) Why didn’t scientists explore these environments before?

Answer : b) What do you exactly intend to study in those environments?

49-
Because mammals are warm-blooded, they are able to keep their body at roughly the same temperature no matter what the surrounding temperature is.

a) The surrounding temperature does not prevent mammals from maintaining their body temperature at more or less the same level if they are warm-blooded.

b) Even if the outside temperature changes slightly, it does not affect mammals’ ability to keep their body at approximately the same temperature because they are warm-blooded.

c) Irrespective of the surrounding temperature, warm-blooded mammals will continue to maintain their body temperature at a constant level.

d) If mammals were not warm-blooded, they would not keep their body temperature at exactly the same level despite the changes in the surrounding temperature.

e) Regardless of the surrounding temperature, mammals manage to maintain their body at approximately the same temperature since they are warm-blooded

Answer : e) Regardless of the surrounding temperature, mammals manage to maintain their body at approximately the same temperature since they are warm-blooded

Considering both numbers of animals involved and the extent to which they are harmed, factory farming causes more harm to animals than does any other human practice.

a) Other human practices are more harmful to animals than factory farming when both numbers of animals and how much they are damaged are taken into consideration.

b) Not only factory farming but also other human practices have caused considerable harm to animals, resulting in an increase in the number of animals being damaged.

c) The number of animals suffering from the harmful effects of factory farming has increased, making factory farming the most dangerous human practice to affect animals.

d) Factory farming, which causes more animals to suffer from its negative effects, is one of the main contributors to the damage to animals along with other human practices.

e) Factory farming is more harmful to animals compared to other human practices when numbers of animals as well as the degree of the damage are taken into account.

Answer : e) Factory farming is more harmful to animals compared to other human practices when numbers of animals as well as the degree of the damage are taken into account

Before the 17th century, no serious scientific work was done on gases, and they were all thought to be just air.

a) Before the 17th century, gases were all believed to be just air because scientific studies conducted on gases were not accurate enough to change this belief.

b) It was only in the 17th century that scientists began to carry out in-depth research on gases, quitting the idea that gases were all just air.

c) By the 17th century, none of the scientific studies done on gases could eradicate the thought that gases are all just air.

d) Until the 17th century, there was not any important scientific research conducted on gases, which were all seen as just air.

e) It was once thought that gases are all just air; however, in the 17th century, remarkable scientific research on gases began to flourish

Answer : d) Until the 17th century, there was not any important scientific research conducted on gases, which were all seen as just air.

YDS İngilizce 2021

52-
Individual agricultural workers are not as productive as industrial workers, given that agriculture has a less developed division of labour.

a) Considering that the division of labour in agriculture is less advanced, individual agricultural workers are less productive than their industrial counterparts.

b) If agriculture had a more developed division of labour, industrial workers could be as productive as individual agricultural workers.

c) Individual agricultural workers are not more productive than industrial workers because agriculture boasts a more advanced division of labour.

d) Despite labour division development in agriculture, industrial workers are more productive than their individual agricultural counterparts.

e) As agriculture has a less advanced division of labour, individual workers in this sector are as productive as industrial workers

Answer : a) Considering that the division of labour in agriculture is less advanced, individual agricultural workers are less productive than their industrial counterparts.

To qualify for legal protection, an animal must be living in the wild and be listed as endangered.

a) A wild animal cannot be saved from extinction unless any kind of legal protection is immediately ensured.

b) An animal is provided with legal protection only when it is a member of wildlife and on the list of endangered animals.

c) Whether an animal lives in its natural habitat or not, it must be legally protected if it is on the list of endangered animals.

d) An endangered animal must be given legal protection if its survival in the wild is no longer possible.

e) The lack of legal protection will absolutely jeopardise the existence of a wild animal that has been on the edge of extinction.

Answer : b) An animal is provided with legal protection only when it is a member of wildlife and on the list of endangered animals.

Your new neighbours keep parking their car in the
place assigned to your flat rather than using their own space, because yours is more convenient for them. You have nicely reminded them that it is not their parking space and you have even had the apartment manager remind them, but they just do not seem to care. Completely furious by this point, you go to the apartment manager and say: …..

a) My new neighbours have been using my parking space. Can you please remind them not to use it anymore?

b) You’ve got to do something else! This situation is driving me crazy! Obviously reminding them isn’t enough!

c) I’ve tried to warn them myself, but they don’t seem to listen to me. Maybe you could ask them to move their car.

d) You are so rude and disrespectful! Why do you continue ignoring me?

e) I think the new neighbours and I have a small problem. Maybe you would be able to help us sort it all out.

Answer : b) You’ve got to do something else! This situation is driving me crazy! Obviously reminding them isn’t enough!

It is your little daughter’s first day at school. However, she is very nervous about making new friends. You want to show that you understand her and also you want her to socialise and have fun. So you say to encourage her: ………

a) I know it is sometimes difficult to make new friends at school, but can’t you at least try it for me?

b) While I was a student, I always had lots of friends and we would enjoy ourselves a lot! I still see some of them.

c) Why don’t you just relax? If you don’t like them, you don’t have to talk to them!

d) I know how you feel, but when you have friends around you, you can do many enjoyable activities!

e) Never mind! You are such a lovely girl, you don’t need many friends.

Answer : d) I know how you feel, but when you have friends around you, you can do many enjoyable activities!

You had to hand in an assignment on Monday, but you were ill over the weekend and so you ask for a one-day extension. Your teacher asks why you are requesting extra time. You want to respond politely, so you say: —-

a) Here’s the doctor’s note. If you read it, you’ll know why.

b) I’m really very sorry. I was quite ill over the weekend.

c) Yes, I should have handed in the assignment yesterday.

d) I was really ill. Can’t you tell by the way I look today?

e) I think you’re one of the best teachers at our school.

Answer : b) I’m really very sorry. I was quite ill over the weekend.

57-
You have just started working at a small successful company. One day, your brother calls and asks you to buy him a new mobile. However, with utilities, rent, and other expenses, you are on a strict budget. So you have to decline for now: …….

a) I’m sorry but money is a bit tight at the moment. I promise I’ll get you one as soon as things start to look up.

b) It all depends on the model you want. I won’t get you an expensive one if you’re just going to change it in a couple of months.

c) Since we live together and share the expenses, you should be aware that we can’t afford a new mobile now.

d) If you cannot bear the expense of a new mobile yourself, I suggest you work harder and get a high-paying job like mine.

e) I don’t have much money right now, but I’ll call our parents and ask them to buy you a new mobile.

Answer : a) I’m sorry but money is a bit tight at the moment. I promise I’ll get you one as soon as things start to look up.

58-

Your friend has recently started painting. Although she is not really good at it, she is overly confident about her work. She shows you one of her paintings and asks your opinion so you say making fun of her: ………

a) It would be considered a masterpiece if you were a three-year-old kindergarten student.

b) I’m really happy for you. You’ve found a hobby that you’re happy with.

c) This is garbage. You’ve been taking lessons for a month and this is all you can do?

d) I think you need to take more lessons to be a good painter.

e) Even if you’ve just started, you did good enough. It’s not too bad.

Answer : a) It would be considered a masterpiece if you were a three-year-old kindergarten student.

YDS İngilizce 2021

The Aral Sea is a saltwater body in central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan in the south. The Aral Sea once covered an area of 68,000 square kilometres. However, it started to shrink during the second half of the 1900s, as most of the inflowing river water was used for irrigation before it reached the sea. The sea also loses water through evaporation. …….. The Aral has therefore shrunk drastically in its area and volume. By the end of the 1900s, the Aral Sea had lost so much water that the exposed land divided the sea into three separate parts.

a) The Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which are mainly used for irrigation, are the sea’s two main sources of inflowing water.

b) The fishing industry along the Aral Sea has also been virtually destroyed due to a number of factors.

c) Also called Lake Aral, the Aral Sea is situated more than 400 kilometres east of the Caspian Sea.

d) Scientists view the changes to the Aral Sea as a serious threat to the local environment and human health.

e) Because there is not much rainfall, this water is not replaced fast enough to maintain the water level.

Answer : e) Because there is not much rainfall, this water is not replaced fast enough to maintain the water level.

Several studies have shown that dancing can help to increase feelings of self-worth. In one 2007 study, researchers found that children aged between 11 and 14 who took part in creative movement classes reported improved self-esteem, motivation, and more positive attitudes towards dance, as well as better physical fitness. Dancing has also been shown to reduce feelings of depression. ……. In a study, dancing characterised by relaxed, free-flowing movements helped to improve mood, whereas dancing in a physically contracted way had the opposite effect.

a) However, different dancing styles have had different effects on people.

b) In fact, people are communicating with potential mates when they dance.

c) Just five minutes of freestyle dancing can increase creativity.

d) Therefore, dancers show improvements both in mood and problem-solving.

e) In addition, group dancing can increase a person’s threshold for pain

Answer : a) However, different dancing styles have had different effects on people.

61-
Technology is a powerful component of the modern world. Without technology, many of the most significant feats of the 20th century could not have been achieved, such as sending people to the Moon, erecting skyscrapers, damming enormous rivers, and communicating with friends around the world. …….. We use technology to house, clothe, feed, entertain, and transport ourselves. It is a crucial component of our work, play, education, shopping, and travel.

a) Our decisions about how to develop technology, and when and where to use it, can make a great difference for future economic, political, and social well-being.

b) Not only does technology shape our tools, devices, buildings, and cars, but it also affects our values, ideas, and beliefs.

c) However, it is essential for all of us to realise that technology can have destructive consequences when misused.

d) Though less often recognised, the most significant power of technology is its assistance in so many aspects of our everyday lives.

e) In order to direct technology in the most beneficial ways, we need to know more than science and engineering traditionally offer.

Answer : d) Though less often recognised, the most significant power of technology is its assistance in so many aspects of our everyday lives.

The line that separates one country from another is called a border. Sometimes these follow a natural feature, such as a mountain range or a river. On other occasions they follow a straight line, ignoring physical features. …….. However, if there is a conflict, borders may be heavily guarded, and it is often difficult to move from one country to another.

a) The longest undefended border in the world runs between the US and Canada.

b) Politics can play an important role in the creation of borders, for example when one country seeks independence from another.

c) When countries are on friendly terms, borders can be little more than lines on a map, easily crossed.

d) Generally you can only cross the borders between countries if you have either a passport or the appropriate paperwork.

e) While some countries, like Greenland, do not have borders, other countries, like Switzerland, are surrounded by them

Answer : c) When countries are on friendly terms, borders can be little more than lines on a map, easily crossed.

YDS İngilizce 2021

The relationship between humans and dogs has been in existence for over 10,000 years, and shows no signs of weakening. But it is changing, as the traditional tasks that dogs perform have been supplemented by new roles. There is evidence that some children with autism-spectrum disorders benefit from the company of a dog. Some such children form intense relationships with animals, seemingly finding them easier to relate to. …… Otherwise, children tend to ignore pets that were there when they were babies.

a) However, in order to be the most effective, the dog has to be obtained when the child is old enough to interact with it.

b) Getting a dog may not automatically make children healthier, but you need to train it well for that.

c) In fact, dogs need to be able to read a child’s body language in order to get the best out of their interactive natures.

d) That’s why the capacity of pets to bring people together is made use of in many kinds of therapy.

e) It is not known precisely how this occurs, but a dog’s ability to detect minute changes in the child’s body must play a part

Answer : ) However, in order to be the most effective, the dog has to be obtained when the child is old enough to interact with it.

Because water transmits sounds, disperses chemicals, and conducts electricity better than air, fish rely less on their vision and more on their hearing, taste and smell.

a) Su sesleri iletmekte, kimyasalları dağıtmakta, ve elektriği iletmekte havadan daha iyi olmasına rağmen balıklar duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyularından daha çok görme duyusuna güvenir.

b) Hava ile karşılaştırıldığında su, sesleri daha iyi ilettiği, kimyasalları daha iyi dağıttığı ve elektriği daha iyi ilettiği için balıklar görme duyuları yerine duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyularına güvenir.

c) Su, sesleri iletmekte, kimyasalları dağıtmakta ve elektriği iletmekte havadan daha iyi olduğu için balıklar görme yetilerine daha az, duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyularına ise daha çok güvenir.

d) Su, balıkların görme duyularına daha az, duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyularına daha çok güvendiği yerdir; çünkü sesleri iletmekte, kimyasalları dağıtmakta ve elektriği iletmekte havadan daha iyidir.

e) Duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyuları, görme duyularına göre daha gelişmiş olduğu için balıklar, havadan daha iyi bir şekilde sesleri ileten, kimyasalları dağıtan, elektriği ileten suya güvenir.

Answer : c) Su, sesleri iletmekte, kimyasalları dağıtmakta ve elektriği iletmekte havadan daha iyi olduğu için balıklar görme yetilerine daha az, duyma, tat alma ve koku alma duyularına ise daha çok güvenir.

In the rapidly industrialising nations such as China, globalisation has opened up new job opportunities for women who previously were not able to obtain paid employment.

a) Önceden ücretli iş bulamayan kadınlar küreselleşme sayesinde Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde yeni iş fırsatları elde edebilmişlerdir.

b) Küreselleşme, Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde daha önceleri ücretli iş bulamayan kadınlar için yeni iş olanakları doğurmuştur.

c) Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde eskiden iş bulamayan kadınlar, küreselleşmenin doğurduğu yeni iş olanakları sayesinde ücretli işler bulabilmektedir.

d) Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde kadınlar önceden ücretli iş bulamazken küreselleşmeyle birlikte onlara yeni iş olanakları doğmuştur.

e) Küreselleşme, Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde yeni iş fırsatları sunarak daha önceleri iş bulamayan kadınların ücretli işlerde çalışmalarını sağlamıştır.

Answer : b) Küreselleşme, Çin gibi hızla sanayileşen ülkelerde daha önceleri ücretli iş bulamayan kadınlar için yeni iş olanakları doğurmuştur.

As the bridge between Europe and Asia, Istanbul is often described as a symbol of Turkey as a whole, a meeting place of different ideas and cultures.

a) Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki köprü olarak İstanbul, çoğunlukla farklı fikirlerin ve kültürlerin bir buluşma noktası, Türkiye’nin tamamının bir sembolü olarak tanımlanır.

b) İstanbul, Avrupa ile Asya arasında bir köprü olduğu kadar çoğunlukla Türkiye’nin tamamının bir sembolü, farklı fikirlerin ve kültürlerin de bir buluşma noktası olarak tanımlanır.

c) Çoğunlukla farklı fikirlerin ve kültürlerin bir buluşma noktası, Türkiye’nin tamamının da bir sembolü olarak betimlenen İstanbul, Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki köprüdür.

d) Çoğunlukla Türkiye’nin tamamının bir sembolü, farklı fikirlerle kültürlerin de bir buluşma noktası olarak tanımlanan İstanbul, Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki köprüdür.

e) Türkiye’nin tamamının bir sembolü olarak betimlenen İstanbul, Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki köprü olduğundan çoğunlukla farklı fikirlerin ve kültürlerin de buluşma noktasıdır.

Answer : a) Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki köprü olarak İstanbul, çoğunlukla farklı fikirlerin ve kültürlerin bir buluşma noktası, Türkiye’nin tamamının bir sembolü olarak tanımlanır.

Despite contributing very little to the source of the problem, many countries in Africa are already experiencing effects of global warming.

a) Afrika’daki pek çok ülke küresel ısınma problemini hâlihazırda yaşamasına rağmen bu problemin kaynağına çok az etkileri vardır.

b) Problemin kaynağında çok az payları olmasına rağmen Afrika’daki pek çok ülke küresel ısınmanın etkilerini hâlihazırda yaşamaktadır.

c) Küresel ısınmanın etkilerini uzun süredir yaşayan Afrika’daki pek çok ülkenin problemin kaynağında çok az payı vardır.

d) Problemin oluşmasında çok az payları olsa da Afrika’daki ülkelerin çoğu küresel ısınmadan çoktan beri etkilenmektedir.

e) Afrika’daki ülkelerin çoğu küresel ısınmanın etkilerini çoktan deneyimledikleri hâlde problemin oluşmasında katkıları çok azdır.

Answer : b) Problemin kaynağında çok az payları olmasına rağmen Afrika’daki pek çok ülke küresel ısınmanın etkilerini hâlihazırda yaşamaktadır.

Humanism, the most characteristic intellectual movement of the Renaissance, was an educational and cultural programme of thought based on the study of ancient Greek and Roman literature.

a) Rönesans’ın en önemli entelektüel hareketlerinden biri olan Hümanizm, eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi; öyle ki antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının anlaşılmasına dayanıyordu.

b) Rönesans’ın önde gelen entelektüel hareketlerinden biri olan ve antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının öğrenilmesine dayanan Hümanizm eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi.

c) Rönesans’ın en belirgin entelektüel hareketi olan Hümanizm, antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının incelenmesine dayalı eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi.

d) Hümanizm, Rönesans’ın en belirgin entelektüel hareketlerinden biri olmasının yanı sıra antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının incelenmesine dayalı eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi.

e) Hümanizm, antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının incelenmesine dayalı eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi ve aynı zamanda Rönesans’ın en belirgin entelektüel hareketiydi.

Answer : c) Rönesans’ın en belirgin entelektüel hareketi olan Hümanizm, antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatlarının incelenmesine dayalı eğitsel ve kültürel bir düşünce sistemiydi.

The high percentage of nitrogen in the air is a result of volcanic eruptions during the formation of the Earth.

a) Havada bulunan yüksek orandaki nitrojen Dünya’nın oluşumu esnasındaki volkanik patlamaların bir sonucudur.

b) Dünya’nın oluşumu esnasında havada bulunan nitrojen, volkanik patlamaların yüksek oranda olmasının bir sonucudur.

c) Volkanik patlamaların sonucunda havada yüksek miktarda nitrojenin ortaya çıkması Dünya’nın oluşumu sırasında gerçekleşmiştir.

d) Nitrojenin havada yüksek miktarda bulunmasının bir sebebi de Dünya’nın oluşumu sırasında gerçekleşen volkanik patlamalardır.

e) Nitrojenin havada yüksek oranda bulunmasının sebebi olan volkanik patlamalar, Dünya’nın oluşumu sırasında meydana gelmiştir.

Answer : a) Havada bulunan yüksek orandaki nitrojen Dünya’nın oluşumu esnasındaki volkanik patlamaların bir sonucudur.

70-
Yazı, genellikle ekonomik ve idari kayıtları tutmak ya da dinî amaçlar için farklı kültürlerde bağımsız olarak gelişti.

a) Usually used for keeping economic and administrative records or religious purposes, writing evolved separately in different cultures.

b) Writing was generally used to keep economic and administrative records or for religious purposes, evolving separately in different cultures.

c) Writing evolved separately in different cultures, usually to keep economic and administrative records or for religious purposes.

d) Writing developed in separate cultures, usually for keeping economic and administrative records as well as religious purposes.

e) The development of writing was different in separate cultures as it was usually used for keeping economic and administrative records instead of religious purposes.

Answer : c) Writing evolved separately in different cultures, usually to keep economic and administrative records or for religious purposes.

71-
Kalabalık şehirlerde yeşil alanların azlığı bir sorundur ve bu da çevre mühendislerinin yenilikçi çözümler sunmasını gerektirir.

a) A shortage of green space is an issue in crowded cities and this requires that environmental engineers come up with innovative solutions.

b) A shortage of green space is a problem in crowded cities where environmental engineers have to come up with innovative solutions.

c) Crowded cities face a shortage of green space and this issue urges environmental engineers to come up with creative solutions.

d) A shortage of green space is an issue that compels environmental engineers to come up with original solutions in crowded cities.

e) The problem in crowded cities is the shortage of green space, which makes environmental engineers come up with innovative solutions.

Answer : a) A shortage of green space is an issue in crowded cities and this requires that environmental engineers come up with innovative solutions.

72-
Niyetimiz iyi olduğunda dahi basit bir müdahale bazen orman tahribatı, erozyon ve sel gibi problemlere yol açarak bütün bir ekosistemi mahvedebilir.

a) Even when our intention is good, a simple intervention can sometimes destroy an entire ecosystem by resulting in problems such as deforestation, erosion, and flooding.

b) No matter how good our intention is, even a simple intervention can sometimes lead to the destruction of an entire ecosystem, resulting in problems like deforestation, erosion, and flooding.

c) Even though our intention is good, with a simple intervention we can sometimes destroy an entire ecosystem by causing problems like deforestation, erosion, and flooding.

d) Even if our intention is good when we make a simple intervention, problems such as deforestation, erosion, and flooding can sometimes destroy an entire ecosystem.

e) An entire ecosystem can sometimes be destroyed by a simple intervention even if our intention is good, which leads to such problems as deforestation, erosion, and flooding.

Answer : a) Even when our intention is good, a simple intervention can sometimes destroy an entire ecosystem by resulting in problems such as deforestation, erosion, and flooding.

73-
Adını içerisinden akan Amazon Nehri’nden alan Amazon yağmur ormanı, neredeyse Avustralya kadar büyük bir alanı kaplayan geniş bir tropikal orman bölgesidir.

a) The name of the Amazon rainforest, which is a vast tract of tropical forest that covers an area almost as big as Australia, comes from the Amazon River that flows through it.

b) The Amazon rainforest, named after the Amazon River that flows through it, is a large tract of tropical forest and occupies an area almost as big as Australia.

c) The Amazon rainforest, the vast tract of tropical forest that covers an area almost as big as Australia, is named after the Amazon River that flows through it.

d) Named after the Amazon River that flows through it, the Amazon rainforest is a vast tract of tropical forest covering an area almost as big as Australia.

e) The Amazon rainforest, a large tract of tropical forest that occupies an area almost as big as Australia, got its name from the Amazon River that flows through it.

Answer : d) Named after the Amazon River that flows through it, the Amazon rainforest is a vast tract of tropical forest covering an area almost as big as Australia.

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Nerede olursa olsunlar, böceklerin dayanıklılığı ve beslenme esnekliği onları ekolojik değişimin eşsiz tanıkları yapar.

a) No matter where they are, beetles are among unique witnesses to ecological change with their hardiness and dietary flexibility.

b) Wherever they are, beetles’ hardiness and dietary flexibility make them unique witnesses to ecological change.

c) Beetles become unique witnesses to ecological change wherever they are despite their hardiness and dietary flexibility.

d) Beetles, with their hardiness and dietary flexibility, are unique in that they witness ecological change regardless of where they are.

e) Wherever they are, beetles can witness ecological change in a unique way thanks to their hardiness and dietary flexibility.

Answer : b) Wherever they are, beetles’ hardiness and dietary flexibility make them unique witnesses to ecological change.

YDS İngilizce 2021

75-
Vücudumuz karbonhidratları hızla yakıta dönüştürebilir, bu nedenle yoğun bir egzersizde tavsiye edilirler, ancak yağ daha yavaş yakılır, ki bu da onu yavaş egzersizler için ideal bir yakıt hâline getirir.

a) Our body can quickly turn carbohydrates into fuel, so they are recommended in an intense workout, but fat is burned more slowly, making it an ideal fuel for slow exercise.

b) Our body can quickly turn carbohydrates into fuel, and thus they are recommended in an intense workout, whereas fat is an ideal fuel for slow exercise as it is burned more slowly.

c) Carbohydrates are recommended in an intense workout as our body can quickly turn them into fuel; however, fat, an ideal fuel for slow exercise, is burned more slowly.

d) Our body burns fat more slowly, which makes it an ideal fuel for slow exercise, but carbohydrates are quickly turned into fuel; therefore, they are recommended in an intense workout.

e) Recommended in an intense workout, carbohydrates are quickly turned into fuel by our body, but fat is burned more slowly, and this makes it an ideal fuel for slow exercise

Answer : a) Our body can quickly turn carbohydrates into fuel, so they are recommended in an intense workout, but fat is burned more slowly, making it an ideal fuel for slow exercise.

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cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Creativity usually means producing things that are both novel and useful but could we design machines that are creative?

(II) Equally controversial is the idea that one might produce socially and emotionally intelligent machines.

(III) To fully qualify for this praise, a machine must be able to first read or detect emotions in another person or machine and then reach out to that person or machine appropriately.

(IV) Many people have dreamed of a machine that can produce typed script of what they say.

(V) An emotionally intelligent, socially skilled machine would need to be more than simply polite but also rewarding and sensitive.

a) I

b) II

c) III

d) IV

e) V

Answer : d) IV- Many people have dreamed of a machine that can produce typed script of what they say.

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cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Although few facts about his life are known, al-Farabi’s influence on Arabic thought has been widely accepted.

(II) Most of his written commentaries concerned the writings of Aristotle and, to a lesser degree, Plato.

(III) Al-Farabi is considered the foremost music scholar in history.

(IV) His own philosophy was a version of Neoplatonism, which he presented in such works as Tahsil al-Sa’adah (The Attainment of Happiness).

(V) In al-Farabi’s view, the world flows from God in the form of ideas or ‘intelligences’, from which levels of

a) I

b) II

c) III

d) IV

e) V

Answer : c) III- Al-Farabi is considered the foremost music scholar in history.

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cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) The history of human health is the history of medicine.

(II) Accordingly, humans have always used plants as the centrepiece of our healthcare, but we have lapsed over the past 50 years.

(III) We used to eat more than 200 types of foods from plants, and now 80 percent of our diet comes from just 10 species.

(IV) The reasons for this are many, including the prevalence of fast foods which put convenience over health.

(V) The fast food industry is one of the greatest success stories of all time.

a) I

b) II

c) III

d) IV

e) V

Answer : e) V- The fast food industry is one of the greatest success stories of all time.

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cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) The composer Ludwig van Beethoven created some of the most influential music in history.

(II) In 1787 he studied briefly with the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Vienna.

(III) He transformed many traditional forms of Western classical music.

(IV) For example, he set new standards for the symphony, creating longer pieces that expressed important ideas and deep feelings rather than just serving as entertainment.

(V) His works include nine symphonies, one opera, and many pieces for small groups and for piano and other solo instruments.

a) I

b) II

c) III

d) IV

e) V

Answer :b)  II – In 1787 he studied briefly with the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Vienna.

cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface goes through air molecules and water droplets in the atmosphere, causing the light to scatter in all directions.

(II) The amount of scattering, just like the reflection of light, depends on the wavelength of light.

(III) For example, violet light is scattered 16 times more than red light.

(IV) The sky appears blue, and not violet, because the eye is more sensitive to blue.

(V) The shorter wavelengths are scattered more strongly in all directions, so that more light of this portion of the spectrum is seen by the naked eye.

a) I

b) II

c) III

d) IV

e) V

Answer : d) IV – The sky appears blue, and not violet, because the eye is more sensitive to blue.

YDS İngilizce 2021