YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER)

Ekim 5, 2019Ekim 5, 2019 BEN_BEN

YÖKDil-2019

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YOKDil-2019

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YOKDil-2019

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#1. – 1 – 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. – n the past, there were some economists who believed advertising was ineffective; ——-, they regarded it as a waste of time and resources.

however

such as

nevertheless

instead

therefore

#2. – Psychology emerged as a field of study ——the late 19th century, when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory to conduct psychological research.

while

during

since

between

for

#3. – Traditional arts and crafts are ——- the heritage and symbols of valuable wealth left by our ancestors ——- an important link in the continuous development of culture.

less / than

neither / nor

not only / but also

such / that

instead / of

#4. – Users generally regard their proﬁles ——social networking sites as a form ——self-expression, but for marketing companies, they only have commercial value.

from / at

over / on

with / by

into / in

on / of

#5. – In today’s world, the wheel is ——- significant and indispensable ——- it is hard to imagine living without it.

so / that

rather / that

such / that

either / or

as / as

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#6. – The main criteria used in specifying ethnic groups are common behavior patterns, diet and dress ——- a shared history.

but

despite

unless

as well as

though

#7. – A recent study has shown that people may remember the same event differently, depending on ——- they process it in their memory.

whose

whom

how

that

what

#8. – The name “labyrinth” was given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to buildings, entirely or ——- underground, with passages.

globally

quickly

lately

socially

partly

#9. – Throughout the 18th century, some important composers tried to popularize their music by making it more ——- to the general public.

rare

accessible

complete

foreign

regular

#10. – In 1793, the Louvre ——- as a public museum in France, and, the next year, the French painter Louis David ——- as its director.

had been opened / has been appointed

could be opened / is appointed

might be opened / may be appointed

was opened / was appointed

has bee opened / had been appointedE

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#11. – The Cyrillic alphabet originally had 43 letters, the majority of which appear to have been ——- the Greek scripts of the time.

looked into

turned down

derived from

taken away

divided into

#12. – Lifestyles that ——- to be marginal in the past ——- less unusual and increasingly common in the present world.

were considered / are becoming

are considered / have been becoming

have been considered / had become

might be considered / used to become

must be considered / will become

#13. – Technology makes it possible for companies to ——- enormous amounts of data on the possible partners they will work with.

approve

perform

decide

happen

collect

#14. – The rise of Japan into the ranks of the industrial powers in the 20th century surprised everyone ——- it had no iron ore and very little coal.

if only

because

yet

so that

just as

#15. – ——- public interest in exercise is generally thought to have increased over the last 30 years, it is reported that only 27% of adults do exercise regularly.

Now that

As long as

Provided

While

Unlese

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#16. – The earliest civilizations did not arise in fertile rain-watered lands; ——-, they began in dry regions, where water came from a river or a lake.

despite

therefore

on the contrary

likewise

as well as

#17. – When entrepreneurs in the early 20th century ﬁrst ——- to record moving pictures of real-life events, people ——- to call this new type of storytelling documentaries.

began / started

were beginning / start

have begun / were starting

had begun / have started

begin / had started

#18. – In the United States, readers appreciate a direct ——-, which means when you express your point as openly as possible, you show that you value your readers’ time.

safety

approach

mystery

ambition

memory

#19. – Users who are part of the same ‘‘network’’ may view one another’s profiles ——- a profile owner has decided to deny permission to those in his or her network.

as long as

when

just as

unless

#20. – According to art historians, the Japanese visual arts ——- by three major factors: Chinese visual arts, indigenous traditions, and Buddhist iconography.

had influenced

are influencing

were influencing

have been influenced

have influenced

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#21. – – 21 – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. – – Part of listening to what others are saying —21–observing how they say it. Even when we say nothing, our bodies talk; sometimes they even shout. Research shows that more than half of what we communicate —22— through our body language rather than our words. Therefore, we must also become aware of body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice —23— we do not wish to create a wrong impression. These should match what we say in words; —24—, we might end up sending mixed messages and creating more misunderstandings. For example, as long as you want to make an assertive statement, you —25— what the other person is thinking and keep your expression friendly.

includes

raises

appears

grows

control

#22. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

as soon as

once

though

while

#23. – parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

convey

is conveyed

was conveyed

has conveyed

is conveying

#24. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

similarl

consequently

otherwise

beside

moreover

#25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz

should have guessed

wuld guessB

have guessed

had better guessD

could be guessing

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#26. – 26 – 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. – – Like many English novelists, George Eliot —26–to novel writing relatively late in life. She was forty —27— her first novel, Adam Bede, was published in 1859. The lives of her characters are, —28—, viewed from this well-developed perspective and extensive experience. This point of view was emphasized by her practice of setting her stories back in time, to the period of her own childhood, or even —29—. In most of her novels, she draws a preindustrial rural scene or the small-town life of the English Midlands, —30— she sees with a combination of nostalgia and candid awareness of its limitations.

came

has come

might come

comes

is coming

#27. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

until

when

even if

after

whereas

#28. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

yet

for instance

however

such as

therefore

#29. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

as early as

early enough

much earlier

earlier than

so early as

#30. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

whose

what

who

when

which

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#31. – 31 – 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – The Eastern Roman Empire, or the Byzantine Empire, flourished until 1453, ——-.

whether the empire had been split into two at this time or not

that today’s England was then dominated by Angles and Saxons

even though historians marked it as the beginning of a new age

but it did not make many significant territorial gains in Europe

although it took control of not just art but also education

#32. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – ——-, governments may or may not establish a dedicated ministry for tourism policies.

While spreading the benefits of tourism fairly among all the stakeholders

Depending upon the extent of tourism’s economic and political significance

If they had maximized the potential of tourism as a source of income

Providing public goods, such as street lighting, and merit goods, like art galleries

Unless they get the statistics required to monitor economic activity

#33. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – ——-, in opposition to the notorious uncertainty of the Symbolist movement.

Acmeism was a significant movement in the early 20th century, aiming for precision and clarity

Anna Akhmatova’s early work was perceived as exemplary of the new movement, Symbolism

The Symbolists were a group of Russian poets, many of whose works were published in “Apollon

The Acmeist movement did not last very long, but it included some distinguished Russian poets

For the Acmeists, a poet was no longer a prophet or a theurgist, but a craftsman or a master

#34. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – ——-, but children need space to learn and grow on their own, too.

Parents can help their children learn to identify and solve their problems themselves

Children who cannot regulate their emotions are more likely to have a harder time making friends

Educating the people who will be parents is a significant starting point for beginning a family

Over-controlling parents can negatively affect a child's ability to manage his or her emotions

It is natural for parents to do whatever they can to keep their children safe and healthy

#35. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – In order to perform satisfactorily in the classroom and provide high-quality education, ——-.

the students’ families have more urgent expenses, like housing and transportation

there has not been effective support for raising the quality of the workforce

educators must receive appropriate ongoing support and professional development

the present workforce in the education system is having financial troubles

many children have no access to high-quality services in their environment

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#36. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – Despite profound differences in their morals and ideas, ——-.

these forms of cultural exchanges might cause bigger problems

the Spanish and the Aztecs were similar in their cultural aspects

in 1519, the Spanish conquers landed on the coast of Veracruz

the gap between the Aztecs and the Europeans was huge

these peoples had had so little contact that they were alien to one another

#37. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.- In addition to its more common forms such as smoking and alcohol, ——-.

scientists are looking for new ways to treat addictive behavior

the behavior of addicts leads to their neglecting other areas of their lives

that kind of addiction is about five times more common in men than women

addiction has also been linked with food, and even relationships

substance abuse is among the major psychological disorders on the list

#38. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz – Despite revolutionary developments in digitized technology, particularly in the visual arts, ——-.

traditional works of art have continued to be highly valued by the international art market

postmodern art was motivated by a need to connect with broader human concerns

the experience, ownership, and use of art are no longer limited to a social elite

digital photography and photographic montage were widely applied by many

the issue of gender has been ignored in the discussion about artistic production

#39. verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz – Each year, governments create a budget to determine ——-.

since recycling should be supported to encourage less pollution

as long as the budget designates which public goods to produce

which includes social security, welfare, and other social programs

how much money they will spend in the upcoming year

although the taxes support programs that help people with low incomes

#40. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – Little is known about Marco Polo’s early life, ——-.

moreover, the merchants of the day traded throughout the Mediterranean region

since his travels and experiences in China increased interest in Asian trade

because his own account of his travels is the only source of information on him

so he was born in Venice, the most important center of trade in medieval Europe

if he had received a typical education for children of merchants at that time

İlgili

#41. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – ——- because of his musical gifts as a pianist and as a composer.

The Marriage of Figaro, a piece composed by Mozart, was first performed that year

Mozart’s works were catalogued chronologically by Ludwig von Köchel

During the last years of his life, Mozart had difficulties handling financial issues

Many composers like Mozart were dissatisfied with the low pay

As a child prodigy, Mozart became widely regarded as a miracle of nature

#42. – – 42 – 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – – The United Kingdom must continue to abide by European Union laws and treaties until its obligations as a member state have ended.

Birleşik Krallık, Avrupa Birliği kanun ve anlaşmalarına bağlı kalmaya devam etmelidir, çünkü üye devlet olarak yükümlülükleri hâlâ devam ediyor.

Birleşik Krallık, üye devlet olarak yükümlülükleri sona erene kadar Avrupa Birliği kanun ve anlaşmalarına bağlı kalmaya devam etmelidir.

Avrupa Birliği üyesi olan Birleşik Krallık, üye devlet statüsü sona erene kadar, tüm kanun ve anlaşmalara bağlı kalmaya devam etmelidir.

Birleşik Krallık, Avrupa Birliği’ndeki üye devlet statüsü sona erene kadar, kanun ve anlaşmalardan kaynaklanan tüm sorumluluklarını yerine getirmelidir

Birleşik Krallık, üye devlet olarak yükümlülükleri sona erene kadar Avrupa Birliği’nin kanun ve anlaşmalarına bağlı kalmalıdır

#43. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – – When families cannot care for their children, states have the authority to provide care for the children.

Aileler çocuklarına bakamadıklarında, devletler bu çocuklar için bakım sağlama yetkisine sahiptir

Aileler çocuklarına bakamazlarsa, devlete bu çocuklar için bakım sağlama yetkisi verilebilir..

Aileler çocuklarına bakmadıklarında, devletlerin yetkili birimleri, o çocuklara bakım sağlayabilir

Devletin, ailesi olmayan çocuklara bakım sağlama yetkisini kullanma hakkı bulunmaktadır

Devletin, aileleri tarafından bakılmayan çocuklar için sürekli bakım sağlama yetkisi vardır.

#44. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- At the height of their power, the Aztecs controlled a region stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Guatemala.

Güçlerinin zirvesindeyken Aztekler, Meksika Körfezi’nden Guatemala’ya uzanan bölgeyi tamamen kontrol edebiliyorlardı.

Aztekler, güçlü oldukları zamanlarda, Meksika ile Guatemala arasında kalan bölgeyi kontrol ediyorlardı.

Güçlü oldukları zamanlarda Aztekler, Meksika Körfezi ve Guatemala gibi bölgeleri kontrol edebilmişlerdir

Meksika Körfezi’nden Guatemala’ya uzanan bir bölgeyi kontrol eden Aztekler, güçlerinin zirvesine bu dönemde ulaşmıştır.

Güçlerinin zirvesindeyken, Aztekler Meksika Körfezi’nden Guatemala’ya kadar uzanan bir bölgeyi kontrol etmişlerdir

#45. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- – Canal houses in Amsterdam were often built with a certain tilt, to allow goods to be carried to the attic without crashing against the windows.

Eşyaların çatı katına pencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak için Amsterdam’da evler öne doğru bir eğimle yapılırdı.

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri, eşyaların üst katlara ya da çatı katına pencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak için öne doğru bir eğimle yapılır

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri, eşyaların çatı katına pencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak için genellikle öne doğru belli bir eğimle yapılırdı.

Amsterdam’ın ünlü kanal evleri, eşyaların pencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak için öne doğru belli bir eğimle yapılırdı.

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri öne doğru belli bir eğimle yapılır; böylelikle eşyaların çatı katına kolay bir şekilde taşınması sağlanır.

İlgili

#46. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- – Although the topic of lying has received the attention of researchers, there is relatively less investigation into this behavior in children.

Bugüne kadar yalan söyleme konusu hakkında birçok bilimsel araştırma yapılmasına rağmen, çocuklar üzerine fazla yoğunlaşılmamıştır

Bugüne kadar yalan söyleme konusu hakkında birçok bilimsel araştırma yapılmıştır; ancak bu davranışın çocuklar üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmamıştır

Yalan söyleme konusu, uzun zamandır araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir; ancak, çocuklardaki bu davranış üzerine az araştırma yapılmıştır.

Yalan söyleme konusu araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmesine rağmen, çocuklardaki bu davranış üzerine görece daha az araştırma vardır.

Araştırmacıların oldukça dikkatini çeken yalan söyleme konusu, çocuklar üzerinde şu ana kadar daha az araştırılıp incelenmiştir.

#47. -verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – -Because China’s nuclear-power industry is centrally run, the authorities are able to keep tight control over safety measures.

Güvenlik önlemlerini sıkı tutabilen Çinli yetkililer, nükleer enerji endüstrisini yıllardır merkezden yönetiyorlar

Çin’in nükleer enerji endüstrisi merkezden yönetildiği için, yetkililer güvenlik önlemlerini sıkı tutabiliyorlar

Merkezden yönetilen Çin’in nükleer enerji endüstrisinin güvenliği hükümet tarafından sağlanmaktadır

Çin’de merkezden yönetilen nükleer enerji endüstrisinin güvenlik önlemlerini sıkı tutmak zor olmuyor

Çin’in nükleer enerji endüstrisini merkezden yönetebilmek için, yetkililer güvenlik önlemlerini sıkı tutuyorlar.

#48. – 48 – 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Toprak reformunun en önemli amacı feodal toprak sahipliğini, toprağı olmayan köylülere toprağı yeniden pay ederek ortadan kaldırmaktı.

One of the most significant objectives of land reform was to give free land to landless peasants by abolishing feudal landownership.

Landless peasants demand land reform from politicians, which aims to abolish feudal forms of landownership forever.

The most significant objective of land reform was to abolish feudal landownership by redistributing land to landless peasants.

he key objective of land reform was to abolish feudal ownership instead of redistributing land to landless peasants.

The most significant objective of land reform was to redistribute certain lands to peasants by abolishing feudal landownership.

#49. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – İlk medeniyetler geliştikçe, insanlar ateşi silah ve evlerini aydınlatmanın bir yolu olarak kullanmaya başlamışlardır.

As early civilizations advanced, fire was widely used by people as a weapon and as a way of lighting their homes.

Early civilizations advanced significantly as they made use of fire as a weapon and as a way of lighting their homes

As a result of using fire as a weapon and as a way of lighting their homes, early civilizations started to advance.

As early civilizations advanced, people started to make use of fire as a weapon and as a way of lighting their homes.

In order for early civilizations to advance, people had to use fire as a weapon and as a way of lighting their homes.

#50. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.- Asur sarayı, sadece kraliyet ikametgâhı değil, aynı zamanda imparatorluğun gücünün ve yenilmezliğinin görünür bir ifadesiydi.

An Assyrian palace was not only a royal residence but also a visible expression of the power due to its indestructibility.

An Assyrian palace was a royal residence since it was a visible expression of the power and indestructibility of the empire.

An Assyrian palace was considered to be both a royal residence and a visible expression of the power and indestructibility of the empire.

An Assyrian palace was more than a royal residence as it was a visible expression of the power and indestructibility of the empire

An Assyrian palace was not only a royal residence but also a visible expression of the power and indestructibility of the empire

İlgili

#51. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Her bir müzenin misyonu farklıdır; bulunduğu yer ve kapsadığı tarihsel dönem, müzenin yapısını ve içeriğini belirler.

Museums have different missions; the country where it is situated and its historical period should define the structure and content of the museum.

The mission of each museum is different; the place where it is situated and the historical period that it covers define the structure and content of the museum.

The mission of a museum should be different; the structure and content of the museum should be shaped by where it is situated and the historical period it covers.

The mission of each museum may be different; the place where it is situated and every historical period it covers all define the structure and content of the museum

The place where a museum is situated and the historical period it covers define the structure of the museum, which makes it quite different from other ones.

#52. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Uçağın icat edildiği 1903 yılından bu yana, hava ulaşımı turizm endüstrisinin en önemli sektörlerinden biri olmuştur.

Since 1903, when the aircraft was invented, air transport has been one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry

The aircraft was invented in 1903; since then, air transport has become a very important sector of the tourism industry.

Since the invention of the aircraft in 1903, air transport has always been considered to be an important sector of the tourism industry.

Since the invention of aircraft in 1903, air transport has been considered one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry.

Air transport, which has been an important sector since 1903, has contributed a lot to tourism industry

#53. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Uzaktan öğrenime artan ilgi, neredeyse her konuda günün 24 saati destek sunan pek çok şirketle devasa bir çevrimiçi destek endüstrisi oluşturmuştur

Increasing interest in distance learning has formed an online support industry, with companies using 24-hour-a-day assistance services in every subject.

Many online companies offering assistance almost 24 hours a day in every subject area are mainly due to increasing interest in distance learning.

Since many companies are offering 24-hour-a-day assistance in almost every subject, distance learning has developed a huge online support industry.

The online support in distance learning can be seen as a huge industry, with many companies offering 24-hour-a-day assistance in every subject.

Increasing interest in distance learning has formed a huge online support industry, with many companies offering 24-hour-a-day assistance in almost every subject.

#54. parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – With the increase in the number of advertisers and advertising media over time, it has become harder for individual advertisers to get and keep our attention. ——-. For example, a 30-second online advertisement today may consist of a series of 20 to 30 different images. However, a television advertisement from the early 1960s generally consisted of exactly one shot and would seem dull and boring to viewers today.

This is why they are constantly looking for new ways to get us to buy their products and services

Moreover, large advertisers typically have employees who supervise the marketing functions of the firm

Similarly, all online agencies are supposed to hire professionals to compete with others

New media also provide new opportunities for advertisers to identify different segments of consumers

However, commercial artists design the look of advertisements and choose the type of lettering

#55. – parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – The functions of leadership can vary significantly. An instrumental leader, for instance, is one who is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. We can assume that an army general would be an instrumental leader. ——-. The leaders of charity organizations and social service programmes are often considered this type of leader.

These directors of youth homes have long tried hard to meet young people’s demands

Such leaders, on the other hand, are not into accomplishing set tasks

In contrast, there is a longstanding stereotype that men are leaders that are more instrumental

Expressive leaders, on the other hand, are more interested in improving emotional strength

They allow group members to self-manage and make their own decisions

İlgili

#56. – parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – Making decisions about the ethics of research involves weighing the costs and benefits of conducting versus not conducting a project. The costs involve potential harm to the research participants and to the field, whereas the benefits include the potential for advancing knowledge about human behavior and offering various advantages to the individual participants. Most generally, the ethics of a given research project are determined through a cost-benefit analysis, in which the costs are compared to the benefits. ——-. Then, the research is considered “unethical,” and, therefore, should not proceed.

What is ethical is defined by the current state of thinking and evaluating within society

The harm done by a given research study may not be as dangerous as previously thought

The potential costs of the research could outweigh any potential benefits that might come from it

The Institutional Review Board is a committee whose goal it is to determine the cost-benefit ratio

A set of principles has been developed for researchers to help them make precise decisions

#57. – parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – Empiricism is a philosophical theory that claims that all knowledge grows from experience. ——-. Before these two influential figures, a different theory of knowledge called rationalism had dominated seventeenth century intellectuals. This theory suggested that people can uncover truths about the world solely by utilizing their ability to think and reason.

The works of John Locke and Isaac Newton provided one of the intellectual building blocks of this theory

As well as other factors involved, this theory is likely to completely eliminate rationalism

For instance, some scientists claimed that rationalism was a new way of searching for new clues

According to rationalists, it always works with information obtained by analyzing thoughts

Newton adapted empiricism to the needs of scientific investigation of his time

#58. – parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – ——-. In some of them, the pictures were arranged according to schools or artistic circles. Other collections were arranged thematically. One wall of the entrance hall of the Galleria Uffizi in Florence, for example, has been densely filled with portraits since 1753. In some cases, paintings were simply organized according to the size of the canvas or hung where space was available when they were acquired by the museum.

Many important works of Western literature aim to reflect the daily lives of their time and the way people were educated

There were different organizational models for the presentation of pictures in the art galleries of the 19th century

Today, pictures exhibited in many European art galleries often date back to as early as the first and second centuries

The last two centuries have seen an ongoing revolution in imaging technologies, from lithography to the Internet

A picture is a two-dimensional surface that depicts a scene by virtue of the way its surface is marked and colored

#59. – parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. – Technological development has often had a significant impact on the way in which media products are both produced and consumed. ——-. Similarly, alternative sources of news such as the Internet have led to a decline in the readership of mass circulation newspapers. But that is not all. Record companies have seen a reduction in sales as music fans find access to music through the Internet.

In addition, television is beginning to take on many of the properties of a computer

As a result, digital media represent significant changes to analog technology; one of these is interactivity

For example, the introduction of television clearly reduced the number of radio listeners

By including a modem in a satellite receiver, viewers are able to order films and other products online

The video recorders of the 1980s were not very popular among the elderly

#60. 60 – 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) In the beginning, the study of folklore was limited to the songs and stories of oral traditions. (II) However, it soon began to include all popular customs, arts and traditions. (III) Such a comprehensive study presented many problems. (IV) The term “folklore” combines the words folk (people) and lore (tradition) to indicate popular traditions and their study. (V) One of these problems was finding a criterion to define the object of study

III

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#61. – cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) Bertrand Russell’s greatest contributions lie in the technical fields of logic and philosophy. (II) Philosophers use techniques and ideas developed from his work without feeling the need to mention his name. (III) In this way, he is a far more significant contributor to philosophy than his pupil Ludwig Wittgenstein. (IV) Russell’s bad reputation was chiefly the product of his engagement in social and political controversy. (V) Philosophy learned some valuable lessons from Wittgenstein, but from Russell it acquired an entire framework, constituting what is now called analytic philosophy.

III

#62. – cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) The women’s movement has often been called one of the most important social movements. (II) Its most basic goals are to improve women’s social, economic, and political conditions. (III) Various movements played an important part in reshaping a cultural society. (IV) Introducing new ideas to public discourse and exerting pressure on policymakers are the main goals of this movement. (V) Beyond these basic features, however, there is considerable diversity among specific women’s movements around the world.

III

#63. – cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) The systematic study of ancient Egypt began with the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt in 1798. (II) Accompanying Napoleon Bonaparte’s invading army was a group of scholars who recorded ancient Egyptian monuments. (III) But a synthesis of all forms of evidence is needed in order to better understand other ancient civilizations. (IV) Systematic excavations in Egypt, however, did not really begin until the late nineteenth century, with the work of William Matthew Flinders Petrie. (V) Previous to Petrie’s work in Egypt, excavators had mainly been interested in sending ancient art and texts back to museums and collectors in Europe

III

#64. – cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) Perhaps the school of psychology that is most familiar to the general public is the psychodynamic method, championed by Sigmund Freud. (II) It is a method that focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories. (III) Freud developed his theories about behavior through extensive analysis of the patients he treated. (IV) He believed that many of the problems his patients experienced were the result of the effects of painful childhood experiences. (V) The founders were researchers who worked with individuals to help them understand their symptoms.

III

#65. – cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. – (I) In classical Greek, “mythos” means any story or plot, whether true or fictional. (II) In its central modern significance, however, a myth is one story in a mythology. (III) If the protagonist is a human being rather than a supernatural being, the traditional story is usually called not a myth but a legend. (IV) These anthropologists doubt that many classical works include facts about a society. (V) If the story is about supernatural beings who are not gods, and the story is not part of a systematic mythology, it is usually classified as a folk tale.

III

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#66. – 66 – 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre cevaplayınız. – Genealogical tourism has been historically undervalued, but it is now becoming recognized as a valuable tool for destination promotion. Genealogical tourists want to travel to the country of their ancestors’ origins and to learn more about their family history or the contextual and cultural heritage of the family. In addition to the places and sites where people used to live and work, visits to graveyards and churches to see memorials and burial sites, as well as to inspect historic records are becoming increasingly popular. Although a worldwide phenomenon, genealogical tourism is most common among communities removed from their homelands or where there has at some time been mass emigration, e.g., from England to Australia, and from Ireland to England and the USA. Evidence suggests that it is a growing sub-sector of tourism, as a result of the increasing sociological awareness of the post-industrial society that we currently live in. – It is clear from the text that ——-.

genealogical tourism did not receive the attention it deserved in the past

museums and art galleries are the main attractions for genealogical tourists

genealogical tourists consult historians to choose their destinations

genealogical tourism is becoming more popular in England than in the USA

governments have made enormous investments in genealogical tourism in recent years

#67. – According to the text, genealogical tourism especially attracts those ——-.

who are interested in the cultural heritage of various countries

who would like to visit new countries and get to know different cultures

who can spare the time and money to visit countries with intriguing histories

whose families come from small countries with diverse cultural traditions

whose ancestors had to leave their home country for certain reasons

#68. – Which of the following CANNOT be a motivation for genealogical tourism?

Desire to have a holiday with family members.

Desire to find new documents about the history of a family member.

Desire to examine historic records related to one’s family.

Desire to see the place where one’s family originally came from

Desire to make a trip to discover one’s family history and lineage

#69. – 69 – 71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre cevaplayınız. – The term “capital” is often used to refer to money that is available for investment or, indeed, any asset that can be readily turned into money for it. Thus, a person’s house is often described as his or her capital, because it can be turned into capital either by selling it or by borrowing on the strength of it. Many small businesses are indeed set up in this way. It is, however, only possible to turn property into capital if its ownership is clearly established, its value can be measured, its title can be transferred, and a market exists for it. A characteristic feature of the development of capitalist societies is the emergence of institutions that enable the conversion of assets of all kinds into capital. It is the absence of these institutions and, above all, functioning systems of property law that frustrates the emergence of local capitalisms in the Third World. – The text is mainly about ——-.

the different ways to establish small businesses

the definition of capital and its convertibility

the evolution of capitalism in the West

what capital means to small businesses

how capital changed hands in the modern world

#70. – According to the text, ——-.

one has to own a property in order to start a small business

the terms investment and capital have nothing in common

there is greater capital accumulation in Eastern countries than Western countries

the laws regulating capital exchange need to be improved

there are well-defined conditions for turning property into capital

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#71. It is clear from the text that Third World countries ——-.

lack the institutions necessary for capitalism to flourish

inherited their capitalist institutions from the East

have redefined their financial systems and flourished

are hardly in need of productive businessmen for economic development

have standardized the laws regulating their economies in recent years

#72. – 72 – 74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre cevaplayınız. – Since the beginning of the Millennium, researchers have tried to bring attention to the “digital divide”, the uneven access to technology among different races, classes, and geographic areas. The term became part of the common lexicon in 1996. This was the point when personal computer (PC) use had shifted from 300,000 users in 1991 to more than 10 million users. The issue of the digital divide had to do with communities that received infrastructure upgrades that largely went to wealthy urban and suburban areas. Data from the Pew Research Center suggests that as technological devices get smaller, larger percentages of minority groups are using their cell phones to connect to the Internet. About 70% of people in minority groups connect to the web via such devices. While it might seem that the Internet is the Internet, regardless of how you get there, there’s a notable difference. Tasks like updating CVs or filling out job applications are much harder on a cell phone than on a wired computer. Therefore, the digital divide might also mean access to online technology that allows for empowerment, not just entertainment. – The digital divide ——-.

was a concept first developed and introduced to the public before 1996

refers to the unjust distribution of technology among different races, classes, and geographic areas

is a term encompassing infrastructural and technological problems encountered in urban and suburban areas

assures that different races, classes, and geographic areas benefit equally from technological advances

was the result of the widespread distribution of infrastructural upgrades and technological advances

#73. – According to the data from the Pew Research Center, ——-.

some people use their mobile phones to upload their CVs because it is much easier

the highest increase in the number of people using PCs took place in the 1990s

people from minority groups are mostly using their mobile phones instead of wired computers to access the Internet

thanks to mobile phone technology, more and more people are able to find proper jobs

as a result of the digital divide, more minority groups are using online technology for empowerment rather than entertainment

#74. – It can be inferred from the text that ——-.

a person would have a better chance of getting a job if he used a wireless devices to prepare his/her CV

there is no direct link between the size of the technological devices and the rate of their use

researchers started to pay special attention to the problem of the digital divide in 1991

the digital divide may also indicate certain forms of inequalities in a given society

the authorities have long overlooked the problems created by the digital divide

#75. – 75 – 77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre cevaplayınız. – Britain has not launched a rocket into space for 50 years, but it has a huge space industry. According to a government report, its share in the global space economy is 6,5%. The industry in the country is worth £13,7 billion, and it employs 39,000 people directly. Britain produces 40% of the world’s small satellites. Now the British space industry may face great problems after Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Airbus, a multinational company that is the biggest satellite-maker in Britain, has announced that it will move some of its operations from Britain to France after Brexit. Problems have become more serious in Britain’s participation in the Galileo Navigation Project. This project is Europe’s equivalent of America’s GPS, the navigational system. The European Union (EU) says post-Brexit Britain should not be included in such EU projects that involve sensitive information. However, there are some reasons for hope for Britain. The space industry has little government support in Britain. So, the companies in this sector are very commercially minded. If Britain loses business in the EU, it could find new fields to operate in places like the Middle East – It is clear from the text that Britain ——-.

is one of the countries that get considerable benefits from the space economy

will have to stop investing in the space economy after Brexit

is one of the European countries that have never launched any rockets

hopes to make much more money from space technology after Brexit

will support space research programs to compete with other European countries

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#76. The Galileo Navigation Project ——-.

was canceled after Britain voted for Brexit

involves some secret data about European countries

will replace America’s GPS as it is no longer reliable

is a project that is funded by the American government

is a British project that involves sensitive information

#77. – From the text, we can infer that ——-.

the EU wants to exclude Britain from its space program as it operates in the Middle East

Britain is a country that employs the highest number of people in the space economy

the space industry has little government support in Britain, so it cannot develop in that country

he Galileo navigation project will suffer a lot if Britain decides not to participate in it

Brexit may create new opportunities for the British space industry in other parts of the world

#78. – 78 – 80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre cevaplayınız. – In any socio-cultural milieu, people may be occupied in gossip for a substantial part of their everyday lives. Recognizing that studying our daily lives is the key to an understanding of human behavior. Anthropologists have long appreciated the significance of gossip. Nevertheless, sustained analysis of gossip remained intermittent until the 1960s, when three broadly distinct views emerged: the functionalist, the transactionalist, and the symbolic-interactionist. The functionalist view is exemplified by Max Gluckman. Gossip, Gluckman claims, is a culturally determined and sanctioned process, a social fact, with customary rules and with important functions. Notably, gossip helps maintain group unity, morality, and history. For Gluckman, the essence of gossip is a constant communal evaluation and reaffirmation of behavior by assessment against common, traditional expectations. Furthermore, gossip enables groups to control the competing cliques and aspiring individuals of which they are composed; through gossip, differences of opinion are fought out behind the scenes so that outwardly a show of harmony and friendship can be maintained. – It can be understood from the text that ——-. –

Max Gluckman was the first anthropologist to conduct a scientific study of gossip

anthropologists have refused to study gossip as it occupies a substantial part of everyday life

it was in the 1960s that anthropologists first started to show serious interest in gossip

anthropologists have tried to identify the effects of gossip on one’s personality

the functionalist and the transactionalist views share a number of theoretical similarities

#79. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a function of gossiping?

To provide a control mechanism for the group members.

To change customary rules and norms.

To secure group unity.

To test and approve certain types of behavior.

To prevent disagreements from harming friendships.

#80. – The text is mainly about ——-.

how gossiping may damage group dynamics

the differences among three views of gossiping

why Max Gluckman decided to study gossip

the significance of gossip as a social phenomenon

various functions of gossiping and its negative effects

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#81. YÖKDİL 2019

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#1. – 1 – 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. – n the past, there were some economists who believed advertising was ineffective; ——-, they regarded it as a waste of time and resources.

#2. – Psychology emerged as a field of study ——the late 19th century, when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory to conduct psychological research.

#3. – Traditional arts and crafts are ——- the heritage and symbols of valuable wealth left by our ancestors ——- an important link in the continuous development of culture.

#4. – Users generally regard their proﬁles ——social networking sites as a form ——self-expression, but for marketing companies, they only have commercial value.

#5. – In today’s world, the wheel is ——- significant and indispensable ——- it is hard to imagine living without it.

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#6. – The main criteria used in specifying ethnic groups are common behavior patterns, diet and dress ——- a shared history.

#7. – A recent study has shown that people may remember the same event differently, depending on ——- they process it in their memory.

#8. – The name “labyrinth” was given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to buildings, entirely or ——- underground, with passages.

#9. – Throughout the 18th century, some important composers tried to popularize their music by making it more ——- to the general public.

#10. – In 1793, the Louvre ——- as a public museum in France, and, the next year, the French painter Louis David ——- as its director.

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#11. – The Cyrillic alphabet originally had 43 letters, the majority of which appear to have been ——- the Greek scripts of the time.

#12. – Lifestyles that ——- to be marginal in the past ——- less unusual and increasingly common in the present world.

#13. – Technology makes it possible for companies to ——- enormous amounts of data on the possible partners they will work with.

#14. – The rise of Japan into the ranks of the industrial powers in the 20th century surprised everyone ——- it had no iron ore and very little coal.

#15. – ——- public interest in exercise is generally thought to have increased over the last 30 years, it is reported that only 27% of adults do exercise regularly.

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#16. – The earliest civilizations did not arise in fertile rain-watered lands; ——-, they began in dry regions, where water came from a river or a lake.

#17. – When entrepreneurs in the early 20th century ﬁrst ——- to record moving pictures of real-life events, people ——- to call this new type of storytelling documentaries.

#18. – In the United States, readers appreciate a direct ——-, which means when you express your point as openly as possible, you show that you value your readers’ time.

#19. – Users who are part of the same ‘‘network’’ may view one another’s profiles ——- a profile owner has decided to deny permission to those in his or her network.

#20. – According to art historians, the Japanese visual arts ——- by three major factors: Chinese visual arts, indigenous traditions, and Buddhist iconography.

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#22. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#23. – parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#24. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz

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#27. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#28. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#29. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

#30. parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

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#31. – 31 – 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – The Eastern Roman Empire, or the Byzantine Empire, flourished until 1453, ——-.

#32. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – ——-, governments may or may not establish a dedicated ministry for tourism policies.

#33. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – ——-, in opposition to the notorious uncertainty of the Symbolist movement.

#34. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – ——-, but children need space to learn and grow on their own, too.

#35. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – – In order to perform satisfactorily in the classroom and provide high-quality education, ——-.

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#36. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – Despite profound differences in their morals and ideas, ——-.

#37. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.- In addition to its more common forms such as smoking and alcohol, ——-.

#38. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz – Despite revolutionary developments in digitized technology, particularly in the visual arts, ——-.

#39. verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz – Each year, governments create a budget to determine ——-.

#40. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – Little is known about Marco Polo’s early life, ——-.

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#41. – verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. – ——- because of his musical gifts as a pianist and as a composer.

#42. – – 42 – 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – – The United Kingdom must continue to abide by European Union laws and treaties until its obligations as a member state have ended.

#43. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – – When families cannot care for their children, states have the authority to provide care for the children.

#44. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- At the height of their power, the Aztecs controlled a region stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Guatemala.

#45. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- – Canal houses in Amsterdam were often built with a certain tilt, to allow goods to be carried to the attic without crashing against the windows.

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#46. – verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.- – Although the topic of lying has received the attention of researchers, there is relatively less investigation into this behavior in children.

#47. -verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. – -Because China’s nuclear-power industry is centrally run, the authorities are able to keep tight control over safety measures.

#48. – 48 – 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Toprak reformunun en önemli amacı feodal toprak sahipliğini, toprağı olmayan köylülere toprağı yeniden pay ederek ortadan kaldırmaktı.

#49. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – İlk medeniyetler geliştikçe, insanlar ateşi silah ve evlerini aydınlatmanın bir yolu olarak kullanmaya başlamışlardır.

#50. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.- Asur sarayı, sadece kraliyet ikametgâhı değil, aynı zamanda imparatorluğun gücünün ve yenilmezliğinin görünür bir ifadesiydi.

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#51. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Her bir müzenin misyonu farklıdır; bulunduğu yer ve kapsadığı tarihsel dönem, müzenin yapısını ve içeriğini belirler.

#52. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Uçağın icat edildiği 1903 yılından bu yana, hava ulaşımı turizm endüstrisinin en önemli sektörlerinden biri olmuştur.

#53. – verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. – Uzaktan öğrenime artan ilgi, neredeyse her konuda günün 24 saati destek sunan pek çok şirketle devasa bir çevrimiçi destek endüstrisi oluşturmuştur

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